diabetes Flashcards
-stimulates synthesis of glycogen, conversion of lipids into fats stored in the form of adipose tissue, and synthesis of needed proteins from amino acids
- helps push glucose into cell from blood stream
insulin
hypoglycemia
less than 60
- onset 5-15min
- peak 1-1.5h
- duration up to 6-8h
- client must eat within 15min injection
rapdid acting insulin
what are all of the rapid acting insulins?
insulin aspart (NovoLog), lispro (Humalog), and glulisin (Apidra)
- onset 30min-1h
- peak 8-12h
- duration 18-25g
- cloudy, must be rolled
intermediate acting insulin
intermediate acting insulin
NPH, Humulin N, Novalin N
when mixing NPH insulin with regular insulin, what do you draw up first?
regular then NPH (clear before cloudy)
- onset 1h
- no peak
- lasts 24h
- don’t mix w/ other insulins
long-acting insulin
when is long-acting insulin given?
nighttime
long acting insulins
insulin glargine (Lantus), insulin detemir (Levimer)
detemir is given every ___ hours
12
- pale
- cool, moist skin
- sudden onset hunger, weakness, nervousness, headache, confusion, slurred speech, behavioral changes
hypoglycemia
T/F: insulin peaks during exercise
T
drugs interacting w/ insulins
thiazide diuretics, estrogens, steroids, beta blockers
- used to treat hypoglycemia
- usually when oral routes CI
- can be given SQ, IM, IV
glucagon
insulin is secreted by the
pancreas
- more common in kids
- pancreas doesn’t produce insulin
- must take insulin
T1D
- treated with diet, insulin, oral drugs
- insulin resistance
T2D
- increases secretion pf insulin by pancreas
- increases insulin production
- AE: hypogglycemia, GI, wt gain, n/v, heartburn
- T2D only
- taken 1-2x/day w/ meals
sulfonylureas (glipizide)
- decrease production of glucose in liver
- increased glucose uptake by fat and muscle
- used for insulin resistance
- GI effects
- potential for B12 deficiency
metformin (bigannides)
T/F: hold metformin for 48h after contrast dye due to renal impact and lactic acidosis
T
- prolonged action of incretin hormones
- glucose dependent, increases insulin secretion & decreases glucagon secretion
- potential risk HF
- interacts w/ digoxin, ACE inhibitors
- wt neutral, well tolerated
sitagliptin (Januvia)
- blocks glucose reabsorption by kidney
- wt loss, lowers BP
- improved glycemic control
empagliflozin (Jardiance)
