antibiotics Flashcards
- used in tx or prophylaxis ineffective endocarditis
- useful in skin, soft tissue, resp, GI, GU infection
- broad spectrum
- cross sensitivity to cephalosporins & carbapenems
- make oral contraceptives ineffective
penicillins
end in -cillin
penicillins
- broad spectrum
- use for surgical prophylaxis, UTI, bloodstream infections, skin & soft tissue infections, intraabdominal infections, pneumonia
- 5 generations based on pharmacology & spectrum
- cross sensitivity to penicillins & carbapenems
- avoid alcohol 72h after taking
- be careful w/ diabetics
cephalosporins
start with “cef-“
cephalosporins
- broad spectrum
- used for severe bacterial infection
- 5-14 day use
- CI epilepsy
- CNS side effect
- cross sensitivity cephalosporins & penicillins
carbapenems
- most commonly used for critical care patients
- used for intraabdominal infections, pneumonia, meningitis
- increased liver enzymes
- good for pt w/ severe allergy penicillin
monobactams
end in -nam
monobactams
normal AST
0-35
normal ALT
0-45
- often received in combo w/ other drugs for serious systemic infections
- last resort med due to complications
- category 2 (TB)
- nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
- BBW: neuromuscular blockade or resp paralysis
aminoglycosides (gentamicin)
- used to treat infections caused by bacteria
- used in serious conditions such as C. diff & MRSA
- ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
- don’t give IM
vancomycin
vancomycin can cause
red man’s syndrome
T/F: red man’s syndrome is an allergic reaction
F
- used in pt 18+
- category 2 (TB)
- last resort med
- AE: photosensitivity, CNS, hypoglycemia
- CI under 18 (tendonitis, tendon rupture, BBW), myasthenia gravis
fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin)
end in -floxacin
fluoroquinolones
- second-line drugs TB
- injectable
- less effective
- more toxic
- used when resistance develops
category 2 drugs
- used for syphilis, animal bites, lyme’s disease
- GI problems, photosensitivity
- CI children <8y
- prevent interactions w/ dairy
tetracyclines
what happens to children under age 8 if given a tetracycline?
teeth dercolorization, hinders bone growth
- used for middle ear, urine, resp, intestinal infections
- AE: SJS
sulfonamides (trimethoprom-sulfamethazole)
- used for UTI prophylaxis & tx
- teach pt that it will turn urine brown –> keep taking it
urinary aseptic (nitrofurantoin)
- used for upper resp infection, STIs
- no grapefruit juice
- report hair itching & jaundice
- GI side effects, ototoxicity, hepatotoxicity
macrolides (erythromycin)
a rare, serious disorder of the skin & mucous membranes. usually a reaction to meds that starts w/ flu-like symptoms, followed by a painful rash that spreads and blisters. then the top layer of affected skin dies, shed, and begins to heal after several days
steven-johnson syndrome (SJS)
