anticoagulants & antiplatelets Flashcards
1
Q
- prevents thrombus formation
- prevents blood clots, DVT, PE in at-at-risk pt
- anticoagulant of choice for use during pregnancy and lactation
- acts within 20-30min
A
heparin
2
Q
what is the reversal agent for heparin?
A
protamine sulfate
3
Q
what are the 3 big adverse effects of heparin?
A
HIT, bleeding, hepatotoxicity
4
Q
- deactivated thrombin preventing conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
- duration of action 2-4x longer heparin
- less likely to cause thrombocytopenia compared to heparin
- drug of choice for prevention DVT after surgery
A
enoxaparin
5
Q
- vitamin K antagonist
- takes 3-5 days to reach therapeutic effect
A
warfarin sodium (Coumadin)
6
Q
- direct thrombin inhibitor
- prevents thrombus formation
- half life is 12-17h
- oral route dosing is more predictable
A
dabigatran etexilate (Pradaxa)
7
Q
clotting factors
A
prothrombin, thrombin, fibrinogen, fibrin
8
Q
destruction of a clot
A
fibrinolysis
9
Q
promote formation of clots
A
hemostatics
10
Q
- interfere with clotting cascade, lengthen clotting time
- used to prevent thrombus formation in veins
A
Anticoagulants
11
Q
- alter formation platelets
- used to prevent clot formation in arteries
A
antiplatelets
12
Q
-OTC used as pain reliever and reduction of inflammation
- diminish inflammation by preventing prostaglandins
- can also be used for angina pain
- suppress platelet aggregation
A
aspirin
13
Q
what can children get if administered aspirin?
A
reye’s syndrome
14
Q
- antiplatelet effects similar to aspirin
- delayed onset of action (3-7 days)
- given for MI, stroke, vascular death from plaque buildup
- can be given in combo w/ aspirin (increased bleeding risk)
- no reversal agent, takes 5 days to return to normal
A
clopidogrel (Plavix)
15
Q
- break down & remove pre-existing clots
- can be given for stroke/MI
- closely monitor for s/s bleeding
A
thrombolytics
