Heart and vessels Flashcards
Layers of PC
Are inseparable.
1) Inner parietal serous pericardium
2) Middle fibrous pericardium
3) Outer pericardial mediastinal pluera
Phrenicoparicardial Ligament
The continuation of the fibrous pericardium to the sternum and diaphragm
Auricular surface
Faces the left thoracic wall. Because the tips of the two auricles project on this side. Aorta bends to the right.
Atrial surface
Faces the right thoracic wall (the right ventricle winds across the cranial surface from the atrial surface). Aorta bends to the left.
Sulcus coronarius
Groove that lies between the atria and ventricles and contains coronary vessels and fat
Sulcus interventricularis paraconalis
A groove running transversally on the auricular surface. Longer and more distinct than the subsinuosal. Begins at the base of the pulmonary trunk. Contains the paraconal interventricular branch of the left coronary a.
The blood circulating through heart
Body -> v.cava cr.+cau. ->(A.pulmonalis)-> RA -> RV (O2 down) -> P -> LV (O2 up) -> LA -> Ao. -> Body
The four openings into the Sinus Venarum of the RA
1) V.cava cau.
2) Sinus coronarius
3) V. cava. cr.
4) Ostrium atrioventricularie dextrum
Sulcus interventricularis subsinuosis
A groove ventral to the coronary sinus on the atrial surface of the heart
Tuberculum intervenosum
A transverse ridge of tissue between the two caval openings of the interatrial septum. It diverts the inflowing blood from the two caval veins toward the Ostrium atrioventricularie dextrum.
Fossa Ovalis and Foramen Ovale
A depression caudal to the intervenous tubercle. It is the remnant opening of the foramen ovale, which in fetus allows blood to pass from the right to the left atrium.
Pectinate Muscles
Interlacing muscular bands which strengthen the interior wall of the right auricle. They radiate to the auricle from the crista terminalis. They are also located on the lateral wall of the atrium proper.
Endocardium
A thin membrane lining the internal surface of the heart which is continued in the blood vessels as the endothelium-lined tunica intima.
Crista Terminalis
A smooth-surfaced, thick portion of heart muscle shaped like a semi-lunar crest at the entrance to the auricle. Pectinate muscles radiate from this crest to the auricle.
Ostrium atrioventriculare (dext. et sin.)
An opening that allows communication between the atriums and ventricles. It contains the atrioventricular valve.
Valva atrioventricularis dextra
A valve located between the right atrium and ventricle. It has three parts, the parietal, septal and angular cusps.
Valva atrioventricularis sinistra
A valve located between the left atrium and ventricle. It has two parts, the parietal and septal cusps.
What is the blood supply to the ventral abdominal wall of the pelvic cavity?
Branches of the superficial epigastric arteries (the origin of the cranial epigastric artery is from the cranial epigastric).
Arteries of aorta
- Tr./A.Brachiocephalica (cr.) -> th.limbs, neck, head and vent. portion of thorax
- A.subclavia sinistra
- Aortic arch -> Body
Branches of Tr.Brachiocephalica/A.Brachiocephalica
- A. subclavia sinistra (Eq, in the rest it is separate, more dist. on the aortic arch)
- A subclavia dextra
- Tr.bicaroticus
Branches of A.Subclavia sinistra
- > FL, neck and cr. and vent. parts of thorax
1. Tr.costocervicales: A.intercostales suprema and A.scapularis dorsalis
2. A.cervicales profunda
3. A.vertebralis
4. A.cervicalis superficialis
5. A.thoracica interna
6. A.axillaris
Branches of A.carotis communis
- A.thyroidea caudalis -> thyroid gland
- A.thyroidea cranialis -> thyroid gland
- A.occipitalis -> nuchal musculature
- A.carotis interna -> brain
- A.carotis externa -> head without brain
Branches of A.carotis externa
- Truncus linguofacialis:
1. A.palatina ascendens -> pharynx
2. A.lingualis -> tounge
3. A.facialis -> face
4. A.labialis inferior -> face, lower lip
5. A.labialis superios -> face, upper lip
6. A.lateralis nasi -> face, nose
7. A.dorsalis nasi -> face, nose
8. A.angularis oculi -> face, eye lids - Masseteric branch: Ramus massetericus
- A.temporalis superficialis:
1. A.transversa faciei -> masseter muscle
2. A.auricularis rostralis -> external ear - A.auricularis caudalis -> external ear
Branches of A.axillaris
The direct continuation of A.subclavia
- A.suprascapularis -> M.supraspinatus
- A.subscapularis:
- A.circumflexa humeri caudalis -> M.triceps
- A.circumflexa scapulae -> M.infraspinatus+M.subscapularis
- A.thoracodorsalis
Branches of A.brachialis
- A.circumflexa humeri cranialis -> prox. biceps, coracobrachial, major teres and latissimus dorsi muscles
- A.profunda brachii -> M.triceps, with: A.collateralis radialis
- A.bicipitalis -> Biceps muscle
- A.transversa cubiti -> radial extensor muscle
- A.collateralis ulnaris
- A.interossea communis
- A mediana with:
- A.radialis -> carpal joint
- Rete carpi palmare
- Rete carpi dorsale - A.digitalis palmaris communis ||, with: A.digitalis palmaris medialis et lateralis
Branches of A.maxillaris
- A.alveolaris inferior, with:
- Rami alveolares -> lower teeth
- A.mentalis -> mental angle - A.temporalis profunda caudalis -> M.temporalis
- A.temporalis profunda rostralis -> M.temporalis
- A.meningea media -> meninges
- A.malaris -> orbit
- A.sphenopalatina -> nasal cavity
- A.palatina major -> hard palate
- A.palatina minor -> soft palate
- A.infraorbitalis -> teeth, maxilla, nose
- A.ophthalmica externa, with…
Branches of A.ophthalmica externa
- A.supraorbitalis -> frontal region
- A.ethmoidalis -> ethmoid, orbit
- A.lacrimalis -> lacrimal gland
- A.ophthalmica interna -> retina
- A.meningea rostralis -> meninges
- A.buccalis -> cheek
Branches of the thoracic aorta
- Aa.intercostales dorsales -> th. and abd. wall, spinal cord
- A.bronchooesophagea, with:
- R.bronchiales -> Bronchial three
- R.oesophagei -> oesophagus - A.costoabdominalis -> abd. wall
- A.phrenica cranialis (Eq) -> diaphragm
Branches of the abdominal aorta
- A.phrenica caudalis (ØEq) -> diaphragm
- Aa.lumbales -> lumbar region
- A.coeliaca -> vascularized structures, with:
- A.gastrica sinistra
- A.hepatica (with A.gastrica dextra, A.gastroduodenalis dextra)
- A.lienalis (with A.gastropiploica sinistra)
