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Anatomy > All muscles > Flashcards

All muscles Flashcards

1
Q

M. serratus dorsalis caudalis

A

O: caud. on spf layer of fascia thoracolumbalis
I: prox part of ribs 11-13
A: expiration

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2
Q

M.rectus thoracic

A

O: first rib
I: vent. ends on rib 2-4
A: inspiration

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3
Q

M.retractor costae ultimae

A

O: trans. proc. of Th1-12
I: 2-8 costal cartilages, vent to costachondral junctions
A: expiration

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4
Q

M.scalenus

A

O: -dorsalis: proc. trans. on C4-6, -medialis: - ;; - C6-7
I: -dors.: the dors. on the first 4 ribs, the vent. on the first 8-9 ribs. -middle: car. border of first rib
A: helps in inspiration, bilateral contraction: flexes neck vent., unilateral contraction: flexes neck laterally

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5
Q

Mm.intercostales

A
  • externus: m. fibers run caudoventrally from cau border of one rib to cran border to the next rib. A: inspiration
  • internus: m. fibres run cranioventrly from cran border of one rib to cau border of the previous rib. A: expiration
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6
Q

Mm. levatores costarum

A

O: trans. proc. of Th 1-12
I: cran. border of ribs near their angles (angulus costae), covered by erector spinae muscles
A: inspiration

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7
Q

M. transversus thoracis

A

O: inner surface of sternum, close to midline
I: 2-8 costal cartilages, vent. to costochondral junctions
A: expiration

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8
Q

M.subcostalis

A

Crossing medial surface of ribs 9-11 in a craniovent. direction (///), inside thracic cavity
A: expiration

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9
Q

What layers does diaphragm consist of?

A

Pleura + fascia endothoracica
M.phrenicus
Fascia transversa abdominis + peritoneum

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10
Q

M.phrenucs

A

Has a sternal part, costal part, lumbar part which meet in a central tendinous plate which has an opening for caudal vena cava between thoracic and abdominal cavity (foramen venae cavae)
A: most important inspiratory muscle+helps increasing abdominal pressure

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11
Q

M.latissimus dorsi

A

O: spf. layer of thoracolumbar fascia + m.attachment proc. to the last few ribs
I: Tub. teres major (with m.teres major)
A: Draws free limb cau.; flex shoulder with m.teres major

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12
Q

M.trapezius

A

O: Between C3-Th.9 region.
Pars cervicalis from raphe of neck, pars thoracica from supraspinous ligament.
I: Part cervicalis on prox. 3/4 of scapular spine. Part thoracica on prox. third og scapular spine.
A: supports trunk, elavates forelimb, draws in cran.

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13
Q

M.rhoboideus

A

Three parts: -capitis, -cervicis and -thoracic
O: Pars capitis: nuchal crest of occipotal bone, pars cervicis: from raphe neck to spinous proc. of Th.1-3 vertebrae, pars thoracic: spin.proc of Th.4-7 vertebrae.
I: dorsomedial border of scapula
A: elavates limb and pulls base of scapula against trunk forwards/backwards

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14
Q

M.pectoralis profundus

A

O: all sternbrae of sternum and costal cartilages of ribs
I: main part on tub.minor of humerus, and a small aponeurosis on tub.major
A: supports trunk, strong retractor (draws limb caudally) and adductor of forelimb

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15
Q

M.perctoralis superficialis

A

O: -descendens from manubrium sterni, -transversus from 1-3 of sternebrae
I: crista tub. majoris and upper part of crista humeri
A: vent. connecetion to forelimb, adduction, draws limb cranially/caudally

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16
Q

M.serratus ventralis

A

O: -cervicalis from trans. proc. of C2-7, -thoracic from middle of ribs 1-8.
I: fascies serrata on scapula
A: supports trunk, helps at inspiration, carries shoulder cran or cau with respect to position of forelimb

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17
Q

M.supraspinatus

A

O: fossa supraspinata, spine and cau border of scapula
I: tub.major of humerus
A: ext. and stabilizes shoulder joint

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18
Q

M.infraspinatus

A

O: fossa infraspinata, spina scapulae, margo caudalis
I: fascies m.infraspinati of humerus
A: acts as medial collateral ligament for shoulder joint; flex shoulder joint

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19
Q

M.deltoideus

A

O: scapular part: from caudal edge of spina scapulae, acromion part: acromion of scapulae
I: tub. deltoideus of humerus
A: flex shoulder joint

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20
Q

M.teres minor

A

O: dist. on margo caudalis of scapulae, tub.infraglenoidale
I: tub.teres minor of humerus (lat.)
A: flex shouler joint

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21
Q

M.anconeus

A

O: lat. supracondular crest + fossa olecrani of humerus
I: tub.olecrani and proc.anconeus of ulna
A: ext. elbow joint

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22
Q

M.subscapularis

A

O: fossa subscapularis
I: tub.minor of humerus
A: it´s wide tendon acts as a medial collateral lig. for shoulder joint; ext. shoulder joint, helps maintaining flexion

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23
Q

M.teres major

A

O: prox.on margo caudalis and angulus caudalis of scapula
I: tub.teres major of humerus (with m.latissimus dorsi)
A: flex shoulder joint

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24
Q

M.tensor fasciae antebrachii

A

O: from m.latissimus dorsi
I: med. on tub.olecrani, then radiates into antebrachii fascia
A: tenses antebrachial fascia and ext. elbow joint

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25
Q

M.triceps brachii

A

In dogs it has 4 heads: caput longum, laterale, mediale and accesorium
O: caput longum: dist. 2/3 of margo cau. scapulae, caput laterale: linea m.tricipitis, caput mediale: prox. med. surface of humerus, caput accesoirum: neck of humerus
I: All on tub.olecrani
A: All ext. elbow joint

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26
Q

M.coracobrachialis

A

O: proc.coracoideus of tub.supraglenoid
I: crest of minor tub. on humerus
A: ext. shoulder joint

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27
Q

M.biceps brachii

A

O: tub. supraglenoidale of scapulae
I: tub.radii and tub.ulnae (below proc. coranoides med.)
A: ext. shoulder joint and flex elbow joint

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28
Q

M.brachialis

A

O: caud. on neck of humerus
I: tub.radii and tub.ulnae (below proc. coranoides med.)
A: flex shoulder joint

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29
Q

M.supinator (=m.supinator bevis)

A

O: lat. epicondyle of humerus, lat. collateral lig.

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30
Q

M.brachioradialis (=m.supinator longus)

A

Not in all dogs.
O: lat. supracondylar crest, above m.ext.carpi radialis
I: dist. and med. on radius
A: rotates arm laterally

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31
Q

M.extensor carpi radialis

A

O: lat. epicondylar crest of humerus
I: Mc.2-3 (dors. surface of mc.´ bases)
A: strongest ext. of carpal joint

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32
Q

M.extensor carpi ulnarus / M.ulnaris lateralis

A

O: lat. epicondyle of humerus, behind collateral lig.
I: lat. aspect of mc. 5 base, and attaches a short and strong tendon to accesory carpal bone
A: supports carpus when extended to bear weight, helps in flex., adbuction and lat. rotation og carpal joint because of the attachment to os carpi acces.

33
Q

M.extensor digitorum communis

A

O: lat. epicondyle of humerus
I: proc. extensorius of distal phalanx 2-5
A: ext carpus and joints of 2-5

34
Q

M.extensor digitorum lateralis

A

O: lat. humeral epicondyle, lig.collaterale laterale
I: Digits 3-5, at the level of first digit it units with with tendons from common dig.ext. and interosseous muscles, insterts on distal phalanx (proc. ext)
A: ext. carpus and joints of 3-5

35
Q

M.extensor digiti 1 (pollicis) et 2 (indicis)

A

Two parts: 1-pollicis and 2-indicis
O: middle third of ulna (lat.)
I: pollicis on head of mc.1, indivis unites with common dig.ext. and therefore inserts on distal phalanx of digit 2
A: ext. digits 1-2, indicis adducts dew claw

36
Q

M.abductor digit 1. (indicis) longus

A

O: adjacent lat. surface of radius and ulna, and from interosseous membrane
I: Mc.1 base (med)
A: ext and abducts digit 1

37
Q

M.pronator teres

A

O: med. epicondyle of humerus
I: craniomed. surface of radius´ upper part
A: roatets forearm med.

38
Q

M. pronator quadratus

A

O and I: connects apposed surface of radius and ulna, fulls interosseous space (med.)
A: rotates forearm med.

39
Q

M. flexor carpi radialis

A

O: med. epicondyle of humerus, behind collateral lig.
I: Mc.2-3 (palmar surface of the bases)
A: flex carpus

40
Q

M. flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Two heads: -caput humerale and -carpus ulnare
O: caput humerale on med. epicondyle og humerale, caput ulnare from prox on ulna
I: accesory carpal bone
A: flex carpus

41
Q

M.flexor digitorum superficialis

A

O: med. epicondyle of humerus
I: middle phalanx of digit 2-5 (palmar surface)
A: flex carpus and affected joint of digit 2-5

42
Q

M.flexor digitorum profundus

A

Three heads: caput humerale, raidale and ulnare
O: caput humerale from med. eicondyle of humerus, caput radiale on prox.-med. from radius, caput ulnare from prox-cau. from ulna
I: distal phalanx of digits 1-5 (palmar surface, flex tub.)
A: flex carpus and joint of digits 1-5

43
Q

M.obliquus externus abdominalis

A

O: spf. layer of fascia thoracolumbalis and lat. aspect of ribs 4-12.
I: fibers run caudovent. to linea alba, caud. on pelvis it form the inguinal lig., and create med. and lat. crus around spf. inguinal ring
A: maintaing abdominal pressure, protection of abdominal organs

44
Q

M.obliquus internus abdominis

A

O: spf layer of thoracolumbar fascia, tuber coxae and from lig. inguinale
I: fibers run craniovent. (///) to linea alba. At the preumbilical site it has an outer and inner layer which envelops m.rectus abdominis.
A: maintaining abdominal pressure

45
Q

M.transversus adbominis

A

O: deep layer of thoracolumbar fascia from proc.trans. of lumbar vertebrae, and from med. surface of false ribs
I: fibres run trans. to linae alba
A: maintaining abdominal pressure, protection

46
Q

M.rectus abdominis

A

O: cran. from sternum
I: precten ossis pubis (with m.pectineus)
A: maintaing abdominal pressure, protection

47
Q

M.psoas minor

A

O: bodies of last few Th. and 1-5 L. vertebrae (mainly tendinous).
I: Arcuate line of iliac bone, near to iliopubic eminence
A: Draws pelvis into deeper position/arches lumbar region and flexes vertebral column.

48
Q

M.quadratus lumborum

A

O: 11-13 Th. vertebrae ventrally, last two ribs and L. vertebras trans. proc.
I: Med. surface of iliac wing
A: Fixation and dorsal flexion of vertebral column

49
Q

M.iliopsoas

A

Two parts: - major and -medialis et lateralis
O: pars major: vent. from bodies and trans.proc. og L. vertebrae, pars medialis et lateralis: arcuating between arcuate line and lateral border of iliac bone.
I: together on trochanter minor of femur (med.)
A: draws pelvic limb forward by flexing the hip/flexion and fixation of vertebral column.

50
Q

M.gluteus superficialis

A

O: sacrum and first caudal vertebrae, partly from sacrotuberous ligament.
I: Tub. glutea (below greater trochanter)
A: ext. hip

51
Q

M.gluteus medius

A

O: crista iliaca and gluteal surface of iliac bone
I: Trochanter majus (femur)
A: Strongest hip joint ext.

52
Q

M.piriformis

A

O: last sacral and first caudal vertebrae
I: Trochanter majus (femur)
A: ext. hip joint

53
Q

M.gluteus profundus

A

O: gluteal surface and body of iliac bone
I: Trochanter majus (femur)
A: ext. hip joint

54
Q

M.obturatorius externus

A

O: outer surface of pelvis, around for.obturatum
I: Fossa trochanterica (femur)
A: Lat. rotation of hindlimb

55
Q

M.gemelli

A

O: lat. side of corpus ossis ischii
I: Fossa trochanterica (femur)
A: Lat. rotation of hindlimb

56
Q

M.obturatorius internus

A

O: inner surface of pelvis around for. obturatum
I: Crosses inc. isciatic minor then attaches in fossa trochanterica (femur)
A: Lat. rotation of hundlimb

57
Q

M.quadratus femoris

A

O: vent. surface of tubula ossis ischii
I: Fossa trochanterica (femur)
A: ext. hip joint and lat. rotation of hindlimb

58
Q

M.biceps femoris

A

Two parts: cranial and caudal
O: cran. part on sacrotuberois lig., caudal part on tub.ischiadicum
I: fascia lata and crural fascia to patella, patellar lig. and tub. tibiae and crista tibiae, tuber calcanei by an accessory tendon
A: ext. hip, and hock; cran.part extends, cau.part flexes stifle

59
Q

M.tensor fascia latae

A

Two layers: spf and deep
O: tub.coaxae
I: radiates into fascia lata and fascia cruris. It´s spf fascial layer covers thigh, deep fascial layer surround m.quadriceps femoris and attaches to femur
A: tenses fascia lata, flexes hip and ext. stifle

60
Q

M. abductor cruris caudalis

A

O: distal part of sacrotuberous ligament
I: disappears in crural fascia on lateral side
A: abduct hundlimb, flexes stifle

61
Q

M.semitendinous

A

O: tub. ischiadicum
I: crista tibiae (med) and tub.calcanei of an accessory tendon
A: ext. hip joint, flex stifle and ext. hock

62
Q

M.semimembranosus

A

Two muscle bellies: caudal and cranial
O: vent. aspect of tuber ischiadicum
I: cran. belly distally on med.lip and med. condyle of femur, cau. belly on med. condyle of tibia
A: ext. hip and flex stifle joint

63
Q

M.sartorius

A

Dogs have cranial and caudal part
O: iliac crest, cran. vent. iliac spine, thoracolumbar fascia
I: radiating into fascia lata and crural fascia, cran. part inscerts above stifle joint, cau.part inserts below stifle joint
A: flex hip, ext./flex stifle

64
Q

M.quadriceps femoris

A

Has four muscle bellies; m.rectus femoris, m.vastus lateralis, m.vastus medialis and m.vastus intermedius
O: m.rectus femoris from area m.recti femoris med. et lat., m.vastus lat. from it´s craniolat. surface, m.vastus med. from it´s craniomed. surface and m.vastus intermedius from it´s cran. surface.
I: patella and patellar lig. on tub. tibiae
A: strongest extensor of stifle joint, m.rectus femoris also flex. hip

65
Q

M.pectineus

A

O: pecten ossis pubis, prepubic tendon
I: labium med. ossis femoris
A: adduction of thigh

66
Q

M.adductor

A

Two parts: -longus and -magnus et brevis
O: -longus from ramus cran. ossis pubis, -magnus et brevis from symphisis pelvis, ramus cau. ossis pubis and ramus ossis ischii
I: fascia aspera and labium lat. (femur)
A: adducts hindlimb and ext. hip

67
Q

M.gracilis

A

O: symphisis pelvis
I: med. on crista tibiae, fascia cruris, tuber calcanei by an acessory tendon to common calcaneal tendon
A: addcust hindlimb, ext. hip, flex stifle, ext.tarsus

68
Q

M.tibialis cranialis

A

O: cranial margin of lat. condyle and crista tibiae
I: med. side on os tarsi 1 and Mt.1-2
A: flex tarsus

69
Q

M.pernoeus longus/M.fibularis longus

A

O: cran. margin of tibias lat. condyle, head of fibula, lat. collateral lig.
I: first attaches to os tarsi 4+5 (on it´s plantar surface), then extends to all Mt. bones plantar surface
A: flex tarsus

70
Q

M.pernoeus brevis/M.fibularis brevis

A

O: lat. on distal third of fibula (and partly on tibia)
I: base of Mt.5
A: flex tarsus

71
Q

M.extensor digitorum longus

A

O: fossa extensoria on lat. condyle of femur
I: proc. ext. of distal phalanx 2-5
A: ext. joints and digits and flex tarsus

72
Q

M.extensor digitorum lateralis

A

O: prox. third of fibula
I: unites with long distal extensor´s tendon to reach digits 5 distal phalanx
A: ext. and abduction of digit 5

73
Q

M.extensor digiti 1. (hallucis) longus

A

O: from middle third of fibula
I: radiates into fascia over m.c. joint of digit 2
A: ext. digit 2 (and digit 1 if it´s present)

74
Q

M.gastocnemicus

A

O: med. and lat. supracondylar tub. of femur
I: tub. calcanei (as a part of common calcaneal tendon)
A: flex stifle, ext. tarsus

75
Q

Which main tendons does Tendo calcaneus communis comprimise?

A

Tendo m.gastrochemii (Achilli), tendo plantaris and tendo accesorius (from lateral - m.biceps femoris and medial - m.gracilis and m.semitendinosus)

76
Q

M.flexor digitorum superficialis

A

O: fossa supracondylaris of femur, partly fused with m.gastrocnemicus caput lat.
I: the plantar tendon turns from med. to lat. direction around common calcaneal tendon, on the surface of tuber calcanei it makes a cap (galea calcanea) then finally attaches to middle phalanx of digits 2-5 on plantar surface
A: flex. stifle, ext. hock, flex joints of digits 2-5

77
Q

M. tibialis caudalis

A

O: cau. on head of fibula
I: med. at tarsus it radiates into tarsal fascia
A:ext. tarsus

78
Q

M.popliteus

A

O: fossa m.poplitei on lat. condyle (femur)
I: twist cau. under lig. collaterale lat., then inserts cau. on prox. part of tibia - on linea m.poplitei
A: flex. stifle, rotates leg medially

79
Q

M.flexor digitorum profundus

A

Two parts: -lateralis and -medialis
O: -lat. from prox. cau. half of fibula, -med. from caudolat. border of tibia and interosseous membrane. Below tarsus the two parts unite.
I: tub. flexorium on plantar surface of distal ph. 2-5
A: ext. tarsus, flex. joints of digits 2-5

Anatomy (33 decks)

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