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-pharm Final > heart > Flashcards

heart Flashcards

1
Q

what drug class is Warfarin in

A

Vit K antagonists

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2
Q

how long does warfarin take to work

A

takes 2-5 days to work
ALSO long lasting

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3
Q

what is the action of warfarin

A

works in liver to block Vit K synthesis of dependent clotting factors 2,7,9,10

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4
Q

what is the side effect of Warfarin

A

hemorrhage (especially hepatic ally impaired pt)
N/V, alopecia, urticaria, dizziness, muscle and joint pain

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5
Q

What is the black box warning of Warfarin

A

Fatal bleeding

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6
Q

what do we monitor when administering Warfarin

A

INR (2-3 or 2.5-3.5 for prosthetic heart valve)

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7
Q

What is a patient teaching with Warfarin

A

tell pt to stay consistent with potassium intake
do not decrease or increase

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8
Q

why do we give Heparin

A

DVT,PE, MI, stroke, gynocological surgeries, and bed rest for more than 5 days

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9
Q

What are the side effects of Heparin

A

hemorrhage, HIT (heparin induced thrombocytopenia)

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10
Q

what should the nurse monitor when administering Heparin

A

aPPT (46-70)

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11
Q

what is the antidote for Heparin

A

protamine sulfate

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12
Q

what drug class is Alteplase

A

Thrombolytics

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13
Q

what is the action of Alteplase

A

encourages plasminogen to plasmin which breaks down clot

Clot buster

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14
Q

what do we give Alteplase for?

A

MI, PE and ielofemoral thrombosis

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15
Q

what are the SE’s of Alteplase

A

hemorrhage and brain bleed

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16
Q

what are the contraindications for Alteplase

A

65+ yrs of age
risk of embolism in afib pts

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17
Q

who can administer alteplase

A

critical care nurses, continuous cardiac monitoring and ECG results

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18
Q

Why do we minimize IM injections when giving Alteplase

A

hematoma

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19
Q

What drug class is Lisinopril in?

A

Ace inhibitors

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20
Q

what is the action of Lisinopril

A

inhibits conversion of angiotensin 1 to 2

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21
Q

why do we give lisinopril

A

hypertension and heart failure

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22
Q

what are the side effects of lisinopril

A

angioedema, cough, hyperkalemia with DM, orthostatic HTN, renal impairment

23
Q

what are the contrainidications of Lisinopril?

A

previous angioedema, pregnancy

24
Q

what are nursing actions of Lisinopril

A

check BP before admin
check K+ levels, check BUN/Cr

25
Q

What are the pt teachings of Lisinopril

A

no salt supplements, take on empty stomach, dont stop abruptly, slow position changes

26
Q

what drug class is Losartan in?

A

ARBS

27
Q

what is the action of Losartan

A

blocks angiotensin 2 receptor

28
Q

why do we give Losartan

A

Hypertension, CHF, and protects kidneys with DM

29
Q

what are the side effects of Losartan

A

weakness, muscle cramps, heart burn, slightly neuropathy, hypercalcemia, Orthostatic hypotn

30
Q

what is the black box warning of Losartan?

A

injury or death for developing fetus, NO PREGNANT WOMEN

31
Q

what are the contraindications of losartan

A

pregnancy

32
Q

what do we monitor when administering Losartan

A

BUN/Cr, K+ levels, check bp before admin

33
Q

what interacts with losartan

A

grapefruit

34
Q

what drug class does Atenolol in?

A

Beta blockers

35
Q

why do we give Atenolol?

A

Hypertension, Tachycardia, ischemic heart disease, Heart failure

36
Q

what are the side effects of atenolol

A

bradycardia, decreased cardiac contractility, decreased cardiac output, orthostatic Hypotension

37
Q

What is the black box warning for Atenolol?

A

Abrupt stop to drug can cause angina, MI, ventricular dysrhythmias

38
Q

What do we monitor before administering Atenolol

A

bp and apical pulse

39
Q

what drug class is Amlodipine?

A

Calcium channel blockers
“-dipine” “-zem” “-mils”

40
Q

what its the action of Amlodipine?

A

inhibits Calcium influx in cardiac cells, vasodilator

41
Q

what are the side effects of Amlodipine?

A

peripheral edema, HA, drowsy, palpitations, abdominal pain, N, orthostatic Hypotension

42
Q

What are the interactions of Calcium channel blockers

A

grapefruit and St johns wort

43
Q

What drug class is Digoxin

A

Cardiac glycoside

44
Q

what does digoxin do

A

improves contractility/pumping of heart
slows ventricular contractions

Digoxin digs for deeper contraction

45
Q

Why do we give digoxin

A

Management of mild to moderate heart failure

46
Q

What are the SEs of Digoxin

A

toxicity, dysrhythmias, green/yellow halos, N/V, abdominal discomfort, anorexia, blurred vision, dizziness

47
Q

what is the pt teaching with digoxin

A

take w meal
never miss dose

48
Q

nursing actions for digoxin

A

assess apical pulse for 1 min before admin

49
Q

What drug class is Norepinephrine in?

A

Adrenergic antagonists

50
Q

what is the action of Norepinephrine

A

Alpha receptor atagonists, results in potent peripheral arterial vasoconstriction

51
Q

what are the SE’s of Norepinephrine

A

diminished renal failure and low urine output
irritable dysrhythmias, decrease myocardial O2 requirement, hyperglycemia, severe HTN, REFLUX BRADY

52
Q

why do we give Norepinephrine

A

treat severe hypotension and shock
first line drug for sepsis

53
Q

what is the black box warning for Norepinephrine

A

Potential risk of tissue damage

54
Q
A

-pharm Final (14 decks)

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