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-pharm Final > Anti-infectives > Flashcards

Anti-infectives Flashcards

1
Q

What drug class is penicillin?

A

Ampicillin
“-cillin”

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2
Q

What is the action of penicillin?

A

Inhibits cell wall by binding to 1 or multiple binding proteins to attack bacteria (-/+)

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3
Q

Why do we give penicillin?
When do we give to children?
When do we give in critical care?

A

Treat bacterial infection (UTI, GU, GI, URI, soft skin/tissue) and infective endocarditis
Children: ear infection and strep throat
Critical care: pneumonia

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4
Q

What are the SE’s of penicillin

A

N/V/D, gastritis, rash, anaphylactic reactions
**Hepatic toxicity (BLACK TONGUE)*
CNS toxic (seizure, coma, lethargy, confusion)

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5
Q

Why does penicillin have A black box warning?

A

Iv penicillin G may cause death, its extremely dangerous

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6
Q

How do we administer penicillin?

A

PO on empty stomach with full glass of water

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7
Q

What decreases penicillin effects?

A

Food, khat, tetracycline

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8
Q

What drug class is cefazolin?

A

Cephalosporins

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9
Q

What is the action of penicillin?

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to 1 or more penicillin binding proteins (gram +)

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10
Q

Why do we give cefazolin?

A

Treat infections (URI, skin/soft tissue, bones, joints, UTI, brain/spinal cord and blood)

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11
Q

What are the SE’s of Cefazolin

A

N/V/D, gastritis

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12
Q

What is the action of cefazolin?

A

Inhibits 3rd/last step of bacterial wall synthesis to > 1 penicillin binding proteins (gram +)

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13
Q

Why do we give cefazolin?

A

Infection (URI, skin/soft tissue, bones, joints, UTI, brain spinal cord and blood)

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14
Q

What are the SE’s of Cefazolin

A

N/v/d, gastritis

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15
Q

What do we monitor when administering cefazolin?

A

Pt on anticoagulants, they have increased risk of bleeding

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16
Q

If pt is allergic to penicillin they are….

A

15% more likely to be allergic to cephalosporins

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17
Q

What are pt teachings with Cefazolin

A

take w/ food or Milk, report breast feeding to HCP

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18
Q

What do we avoid when pt takes cefazolin?

A

Antacids, this drug needs acidic environment to work

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19
Q

What drug class is ciprofloxacin?

A

Fluoroquinolores

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20
Q

What is ciprofloxacin action?

A

Bactericidal/static – kills cells and bacteria (gram -) interferes with growth, and reproduction.

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21
Q

Why do we give ciprofloxacin?

A

Treats infection (respiratory, GUI, skin, bones, joints, GU)
pneumonia

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22
Q

What are side effects of ciprofloxacin?

A

Prolong, QT, lethal arrhythmia (VT and VFIB,) **
**ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE (older adults) -Thompson test
Neuropathy, muscle weakness (myasthenia gravis)
N/V/D, dizziness, photo sensitivity

23
Q

What do we monitor when administering ciprofloxacin?

A

BUN/Cr

24
Q

What are patient teachings with ciprofloxacin?

A

No antacids, stay hydrated, avoid sun exposure

25
Q

What is ciprofloxacin’s contraindications?

A

Tendonitis

26
Q

What drug class is Bactrim (TMP-SMZ) in?

A

Sulfonamides

27
Q

What is the action of Bactrim (TMP-SMZ)?

A

Gram (+/-), PABA, inhibits synthesis, bacteriostatic

28
Q

Why do we give Bactrim (TMP-SMZ)?

A

MRSA, respiratory and skin infection

29
Q

What is a SE’s of Bactrim?

A

Steven Johnson syndrome (urticaria, pruritus, hematologic changes)
Hyperkalemia
Renal failure, interstitial nephritis
* N/V/D, pancreatitis, photosensitivity, elevated BUN/CR

30
Q

What do we monitor when giving Bactrim?

A

Monitor BUN/CR, potassium levels, glucose levels (decrease)

31
Q

What are patient teachings with Bactrim?
Think (S.U.L.F.A)

A

S.unburn (use sunblock, avoid sun)
U.rine (crystals, high specific gravity)
L.ove the water (drink 2-3 L per day)
F.olic acid (take daily)
A.void pregnancy (bactrim lowers the effectiveness of oral contraceptive, take other measures, ALSO NOT PREGNANCY SAFE)

32
Q

What herbs do we avoid when taking Bactrim

A

Garlic, ginger, St johns wort

33
Q

What drug class is Macrobid (Nitrofurantoin) in?

A

Sulfonamide

34
Q

What is the action of Macrobid?

A

(Gram +/-)
Halts new formation of bacteria (bacteriostatic)

35
Q

Why do we give Macrobid?

A

Treat UTIs

36
Q

What are the side effects of Macrobid

A

Cardiac effects, ST/T wave changes
BBB bundle branch block
CNS changes (HA, lethargy, depression, fever, malaise)
Turns urine brown

37
Q

What are patient teachings with Macrobid?

A

Give with food (aids absorption and decreases side effects)
Magnesium antacids decrease absorption and subsequence urinary secretions

38
Q

What is the action of vancomycin?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis (gram +)

39
Q

Why do we give vancomycin?

A

Treat infections caused by MRSA, SSNA, and endocarditis

40
Q

What are the side effects of vancomycin?

A

Hypertension, skin rash (RED MAN’S SYNDROME, Not an allergic reaction)

41
Q

What do we monitor when administering vancomycin?

A

Serum drug levels

42
Q

Who do we limit the use of Vancomycin in?

A

Disassociative, neutropenia, catheter

43
Q

Vancomycin is a great drug because it does not cause what?

A

Nausea and vomiting

44
Q

When we give vancomycin, we must push slowly, Why?

A

Burns during administration and causes thrombophlebitis. It is very irritating to tissues. Red man syndrome is caused by rapid infusion

45
Q

What are the signs of anaphylaxis in vancomycin?
What do we do during anaphylaxis?

A

Hives, wheezing, Angio Edema
We stop infusion and administer epi-

46
Q

What is the action of Erthryomycin

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis and causes cell death (bacteriostatic/cidal)

47
Q

What is erythromycin used for?

A

Treats URI, GU infections, an STI’s (gonorrhea, syphilis, and pertussis)

48
Q

Why is erythromycin used in critical care settings?

A

Because it has broad-spectrum

49
Q

What are the side effects of erythromycin?

A

Ventricular, dysrhythmias, anorexia, hepatotoxicity, hearing loss

50
Q

What is the black box warning with erythromycin?

A

Do not administer to patients with liver complications, or breast-feeding woman

51
Q

What do we tell her patients to avoid when taking Erythromycin?

A

St johns, wort, grapefruit

52
Q

What medication does erythromycin decrease?

A

Oral contraceptive

53
Q

What do we monitor when administering erythromycin?

A

Monitor ECG for prolonged QT interval so I can lead to cardiac arrest and AST/ALT levels

-pharm Final (14 decks)

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