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-pharm Final > Anti-infectives > Flashcards

Anti-infectives Flashcards

1
Q

What drug class is penicillin?

A

Ampicillin
“-cillin”

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2
Q

What is the action of penicillin?

A

Inhibits cell wall by binding to 1 or multiple binding proteins to attack bacteria (-/+)

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3
Q

Why do we give penicillin?
When do we give to children?
When do we give in critical care?

A

Treat bacterial infection (UTI, GU, GI, URI, soft skin/tissue) and infective endocarditis
Children: ear infection and strep throat
Critical care: pneumonia

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4
Q

What are the SE’s of penicillin

A

N/V/D, gastritis, rash, anaphylactic reactions
**Hepatic toxicity (BLACK TONGUE)*
CNS toxic (seizure, coma, lethargy, confusion)

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5
Q

Why does penicillin have A black box warning?

A

Iv penicillin G may cause death, its extremely dangerous

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6
Q

How do we administer penicillin?

A

PO on empty stomach with full glass of water

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7
Q

What decreases penicillin effects?

A

Food, khat, tetracycline

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8
Q

What drug class is cefazolin?

A

Cephalosporins

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9
Q

What is the action of penicillin?

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to 1 or more penicillin binding proteins (gram +)

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10
Q

Why do we give cefazolin?

A

Treat infections (URI, skin/soft tissue, bones, joints, UTI, brain/spinal cord and blood)

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11
Q

What are the SE’s of Cefazolin

A

N/V/D, gastritis

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12
Q

What is the action of cefazolin?

A

Inhibits 3rd/last step of bacterial wall synthesis to > 1 penicillin binding proteins (gram +)

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13
Q

Why do we give cefazolin?

A

Infection (URI, skin/soft tissue, bones, joints, UTI, brain spinal cord and blood)

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14
Q

What are the SE’s of Cefazolin

A

N/v/d, gastritis

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15
Q

What do we monitor when administering cefazolin?

A

Pt on anticoagulants, they have increased risk of bleeding

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16
Q

If pt is allergic to penicillin they are….

A

15% more likely to be allergic to cephalosporins

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17
Q

What are pt teachings with Cefazolin

A

take w/ food or Milk, report breast feeding to HCP

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18
Q

What do we avoid when pt takes cefazolin?

A

Antacids, this drug needs acidic environment to work

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19
Q

What drug class is ciprofloxacin?

A

Fluoroquinolores

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20
Q

What is ciprofloxacin action?

A

Bactericidal/static – kills cells and bacteria (gram -) interferes with growth, and reproduction.

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21
Q

Why do we give ciprofloxacin?

A

Treats infection (respiratory, GUI, skin, bones, joints, GU)
pneumonia

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22
Q

What are side effects of ciprofloxacin?

A

Prolong, QT, lethal arrhythmia (VT and VFIB,) **
**ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE (older adults) -Thompson test
Neuropathy, muscle weakness (myasthenia gravis)
N/V/D, dizziness, photo sensitivity

23
Q

What do we monitor when administering ciprofloxacin?

24
Q

What are patient teachings with ciprofloxacin?

A

No antacids, stay hydrated, avoid sun exposure

25
What is ciprofloxacin’s contraindications?
Tendonitis
26
What drug class is Bactrim (TMP-SMZ) in?
Sulfonamides
27
What is the action of Bactrim (TMP-SMZ)?
Gram (+/-), PABA, inhibits synthesis, bacteriostatic
28
Why do we give Bactrim (TMP-SMZ)?
MRSA, respiratory and skin infection
29
What is a SE’s of Bactrim?
**Steven Johnson syndrome** (urticaria, pruritus, hematologic changes) **Hyperkalemia** **Renal failure**, interstitial nephritis * N/V/D, pancreatitis, photosensitivity, **elevated BUN/CR**
30
What do we monitor when giving Bactrim?
Monitor BUN/CR, potassium levels, glucose levels (decrease)
31
What are patient teachings with Bactrim? Think (S.U.L.F.A)
S.unburn (use sunblock, avoid sun) U.rine (crystals, high specific gravity) L.ove the water (drink 2-3 L per day) F.olic acid (take daily) A.void pregnancy (bactrim lowers the effectiveness of oral contraceptive, take other measures, ALSO NOT PREGNANCY SAFE)
32
What herbs do we avoid when taking Bactrim
Garlic, ginger, St johns wort
33
What drug class is Macrobid (Nitrofurantoin) in?
Sulfonamide
34
What is the action of Macrobid?
(Gram +/-) Halts new formation of bacteria (bacteriostatic)
35
Why do we give Macrobid?
Treat UTIs
36
What are the side effects of Macrobid
Cardiac effects, ST/T wave changes BBB bundle branch block CNS changes (HA, lethargy, depression, fever, malaise) Turns urine brown
37
What are patient teachings with Macrobid?
Give with food (aids absorption and decreases side effects) Magnesium antacids decrease absorption and subsequence urinary secretions
38
What is the action of vancomycin?
Inhibit cell wall synthesis (gram +)
39
Why do we give vancomycin?
Treat infections caused by MRSA, SSNA, and endocarditis
40
What are the side effects of vancomycin?
Hypertension, skin rash (RED MAN’S SYNDROME, Not an allergic reaction)
41
What do we monitor when administering vancomycin?
Serum drug levels
42
Who do we limit the use of Vancomycin in?
Disassociative, neutropenia, catheter
43
Vancomycin is a great drug because it does not cause what?
Nausea and vomiting
44
When we give vancomycin, we must push slowly, Why?
Burns during administration and causes thrombophlebitis. It is very irritating to tissues. Red man syndrome is caused by rapid infusion
45
What are the signs of anaphylaxis in vancomycin? What do we do during anaphylaxis?
Hives, wheezing, Angio Edema We stop infusion and administer epi-
46
What is the action of Erthryomycin
Inhibits cell wall synthesis and causes cell death (bacteriostatic/cidal)
47
What is erythromycin used for?
Treats URI, GU infections, an STI’s (gonorrhea, syphilis, and pertussis)
48
Why is erythromycin used in critical care settings?
Because it has broad-spectrum
49
What are the side effects of erythromycin?
Ventricular, dysrhythmias, anorexia, hepatotoxicity, hearing loss
50
What is the black box warning with erythromycin?
Do not administer to patients with liver complications, or breast-feeding woman
51
What do we tell her patients to avoid when taking Erythromycin?
St johns, wort, grapefruit
52
What medication does erythromycin decrease?
Oral contraceptive
53
What do we monitor when administering erythromycin?
Monitor ECG for prolonged QT interval so I can lead to cardiac arrest and AST/ALT levels

-pharm Final (14 decks)

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