Diabetes Flashcards
What drug class is metformin?
Biguanide
What is the action of metformin?
↓ production of glucose, decrease intestinal absorption, ↑ insulin sensitivity
Why do we give metformin
Type Il diabetes, antihyperglycemic
Helps promote weight loss
What are the side effects of metformin
Lactic acidosis, dizzy, cramps, n/v/d
What is the black box warning of metformin
Lactic acidosis over 80yrs old
What do he assess for when administering Metformin
Ast/alt
Bun/Cr
Muscle cramps
Why is metformin an ideal drug for hyperglycemia
No hypoglycemia effects
When do we give metformin?
With meals
What drug class is exenatide in?
Glucagon like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1)
What is the action of Exenatide?
↑ blood glucose by stimulating liver to convert glycogen to glucose, opposes insulin
Why do we give exenatide
Treat hypoglycemic effects
What are the contraindications of exenatide?
Depleted glycogen stores (starvation, adrenal insufficiency or chronic hypoglycemia)
Insulin
What increases effects?
Increases: ace, ETOH, antibiotics and beta blockers
Insulin
What decreases effects?
Adrenergic, steroids, estrogen, levothyroxine
What wind of insulin is human r
Regular
What does humalin R look like
Clear
What is the onset of Human R
30 min - 1hr
When does Human R peak
2-3 hrs
What is the duration of Humalin R
5-7 hrs
What wind of insulin is Human N
Intermediate
What does Humalin N look like
Cloudy
How do we give Humalin N
Only sub Q
What is the onset of Humalin N
1-1.5hrs
What is the peak of humalin N?
8-12 hrs
What is the duration of humalin N?
18-24 hrs
What kind Of insulin is glargine?
Long acting, basal insulin
When do we give glargine?
Bedtime
What is the onset of glargine?
1hr
What is the peak of glargine?
None
What is the duration of glargine?
24 hrs
