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Psychology > Health Unit: Terms > Flashcards

Health Unit: Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

stressors

A

the stimuli that we appraise as threatening or challenging

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2
Q

type of stressor: frusteration

A

when the pursuit of a goal is thwarted

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3
Q

conflict

A

2 or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression

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4
Q

choice between 2 attractive goals

A

approach-approach

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5
Q

choice between 2 unattractive goals

A

avoidance-avoidance

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6
Q

one choice with attractive and unattractive aspects

A

approach-avoidance

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7
Q

Transactional Model of Stress

A

stress involves a transaction between the individual and external world (primary and secondary appraisal)

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8
Q

TMS: primary appraisal

A

is the situation positive or negative?

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9
Q

TMS: secondary appraisal

A

consideration/evaluation of available coping strategies

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10
Q

coping strategies (2)

A

problem focused: change the situation

emotion-focused: maladaptive techniques, relaxation, talk to others

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11
Q

Stress Innoculation Training

A

People reinterpret events and put coping behaviors into action

  1. therapeutic alliance
  2. application training
  3. application follow through
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12
Q

Tend and Befriend

A

male stress response: fight or flight - testosterone

female stress response: tend and befriend - oxytocin

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13
Q

substance

A

anything people ingest to alter mood, cognition or behavior

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14
Q

addiction

A

characterized by behavioral and other responses that include a compulsion to use the substance continuously

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15
Q

general household survey

A

23% of men and 21% of women smoke

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16
Q

substance use

A

consumption of or use of any substance

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17
Q

substance addiction

A

characterized by continued use of substance despite knowing problems or unsuccessful effort to control substance abuse

18
Q

psychological addiction

A

cravings, situations and mood serve as triggers

19
Q

physical addiction

A

tolerance, withdrawal symptoms

20
Q

biological effects of smoking

A

dopamine, adrenaline, serotonin and acetylcholine

21
Q

cognitive and social factors

A

most important factor is parents smoking, most common in adults below poverty line, most teens smoke for purely social reasons

22
Q

biological reasons for obesity

A

brain: hypothalamus primarily responsible for food intake

23
Q

hunger triggering hormones

A

onexin and grelin

24
Q

leptin

A

protein released by fats cells that signals fullness

25
Q

insulin

A

regulates blood glucose levels: less glucose means more hunger

26
Q

set point theory

A

an individual’s weight thermostat is set

27
Q

metabolism

A

inherited rate at which food is converted into energy

28
Q

settling point theory

A

a number of factors affect weight; long lasting life changes can change set point

29
Q

false hope syndrome

A

people are overly optimistic about the length of time to lose weight

30
Q

lipase inhibitors

A

reduce fat absorption

31
Q

appetite suppressants

A

increase neurotransmitters that affect mood and appetite to increase fullness or decrease hunger pangs

32
Q

Health belief model

A

predicts whether a person will choose healthy behaviors: evaluation of threat and cost-benefit analysis

33
Q

self-efficacy

A

perceived ability to carry out a behavior

34
Q

theory of reasoned action

A

people son’t always act in ways that are in line with their beliefs: beliefs to attitudes and intentions and behavior

35
Q

stages of change model

A

precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance

36
Q

catastrohpe theory

A

west and sohal: people react to an environmental cue and decide to stop all at once

37
Q

evidence based research

A

efficacy: relative improvement in health as a result of intervention in controlled and randomized trials
effectiveness: improvement in health as a result of an intervention in a realistic setting

38
Q

Beck: CBT and Weight Loss

A

10 women successfully dropped weight by challenging eating behaviors and reshaping thinking

39
Q

general adaptation syndrome

A

a model of the body’s stress response:
Alarm: first recognition of threat
Resistance: physical changes stabilize
Exhaustion: body’s resources are limited and panic decreases and resistance declines

40
Q

Personality

A

Type A: strong, competitive, self-imposed stress

Type B: relaxed, patient, easygoing

41
Q

social self preservation theory

A

threats to one’s self esteem and status have negative cognitive/emotional consequences

Psychology (21 decks)

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