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Psychology > Abnormal Unit: Terms > Flashcards

Abnormal Unit: Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

etiologies

A

apparent causation and factors of the disorder

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2
Q

anxiety disorders

A

marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety; irrational fears

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3
Q

OCD

A

marked by consistent, uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts and urges to engage in senseless rituals
more women

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4
Q

obsession

A

repeated thoughts intrude on consciousness in a distressing way

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5
Q

compulsions

A

actions one feels forced to carry out

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6
Q

OCD: biological

A

head injuries, low serotonin levels or receptors

never straight biological

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7
Q

OCD: cognitive

A
  • learned behaviors reinforced by fear reduction
  • excessive attention to perceived threats
  • stress exacerbates problems
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8
Q

OCD: social

A
  • obsessions are repugnant and kept secret

- religion can play into OCD: cleanliness

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9
Q

diathesis stress model

A

stress precipitates psychological issues

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10
Q

affective disorders

A

Characterized by dysfunctional moods

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11
Q

Depression

A

more common in women, affecting 15% of people at one point

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12
Q

Depression: biological

A

genetic predisposition, catecholamine hypothesis, cortisol hypothesis, long term depression can result in structural brain changes

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13
Q

catecholamine hypothesis

A

associated with low levels of adrenaline

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14
Q

cortisol hypothesis

A

cortisol, a major stress hormone, can predispose an individual to depression

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15
Q

Depression: cognitive

A

Ellis, Beck, dichotomous thinking

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16
Q

Ellis

A

depression comes from irrational and illogical thinking

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17
Q

Beck

A

depression comes from distortions and biases in information processing

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18
Q

dichotomous thinking

A

black and white thinking

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19
Q

Depression: social

A

diathesis stress model, individualistic cultures (affective symptoms), collectivist cultures (somatic symptoms)

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20
Q

unipolar

A

depression or mania

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21
Q

Bipolar

A

depression and mania, 2.6% of Americans, cycling varies

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22
Q

bipolar: biological

A

first degree relatives have 10-25% chance of having an effective disorder, diathesis stress model, smaller frontal lobes, decreased brain activity in areas that regulate emotion

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23
Q

bipolar: cognitive

A

Ellis, learned helplessness/hopelessness

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24
Q

bipolar: social

A

life stress leads to negative thinking, inadequate social skills to gain positive reinforcement, depression rates in Africa increased with westernization

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25
Q

Rorschach Inkblot

A

projective test, based on idea of normalcy, no objective grading

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26
Q

projective test

A

ambiguous stimuli to talk about

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27
Q

Thematic Apperception Test

A

projective, tell a story about pictures, measures patterns of thought, used as a tool

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28
Q

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

A

500+ true or false questions, looking for clusters/patterns, mini scales indicate if client distorted answers

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29
Q

interviews

A

predetermined questions on disorders

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30
Q

medical scans

A

to observe brain abnormalities

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31
Q

eclectic approach

A

using principles from different therapies, recognizes strengths and weaknesses, less chance of relapse, combo shows most improvement

32
Q

biomedical treatment

A

based on brain chemistry: drugs and dosage, side effects

33
Q

psychopharmocolgy

A

use of drugs to relieve symptoms

34
Q

antipsychotics

A

treats hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior

35
Q

typical neuroleptics

A

treat positive psychotic symptoms; block dopamine transmitters

36
Q

atypical neuroleptics

A

treat negative psychotic symptoms; block dopamine receptors

37
Q

anti-anxiety drugs

A

short term treatment to anxiety, panic disorders, phobias; easy to become addicted to

38
Q

antidepressants

A

control mood by controlling neurotransmitters

39
Q

tricyclics

A

inhibit re-uptake of neirotransmitters

40
Q

antimanics

A

mood stabilizers

41
Q

ECT

A

small cortical seizures release a flood of neurotransmitters

42
Q

psychosurgery

A

destroying parts of the brain

43
Q

individual treatment

A

cognitive ideas, emphasis on perceptions, thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, focuses on changing maladaptive thoughts

44
Q

Becks Cognitive Restructuring

A

cognitive triad: negative views about self, world, future build on each other;identify negative self talk, challenge it and change it; change brain plasticity

45
Q

Exposure Response Prevention

A

general adaptation syndrome, flooding, systematic desensitization

46
Q

general adaptive syndrome

A

body’s stress response: 1. alarm 2. resistance 3.exhaustion

47
Q

flooding

A

start at top of fear hierarchy

48
Q

systematic desensitation

A

start at bottom of hierarchy

49
Q

Rational Emotive Theory

A

Ellis: ABC model: activating event, irrational beliefs, unhealthy consequences

50
Q

catastrophizing

A

thinking of the worst possible situation

51
Q

musterbating

A

thinking of what one must do

52
Q

inference chaining

A

questions leading to identifying the irrational belief

53
Q

Carl Rogers

A

non-directive, overall goal of personal growth

54
Q

Group Treatment

A

social support, less expensive

55
Q

Indigenous healing practices

A

encompasses therapeutic beliefs and practices rooted in a given culture

56
Q

ecological model

A

relationship between people and the environment

57
Q

Chinese Taoist Cognitive Psychotherapy

A

incorporating religious beliefs

58
Q

Today’s elements of abnormality

A

socially deviant behavior, maladaptiveness, distress, statistical infrequency

59
Q

concept of normal changes

A

homosexuality was a disorder until 1987

60
Q

6 characteristics of mental health

A

Jahoda:

  1. realistic self perception
  2. strong sense of identity
  3. independence
  4. maintains interpersonal relationships
  5. copes with stressful situations
  6. capacity for personal growth
61
Q

7 characteristics of abnormal behavior

A
  1. person is suffering
  2. maladaptiveness
  3. irrationality
  4. unpredictability
  5. vividness (experience things differently)
  6. observer discomfort
  7. violation of moral standards
62
Q

culture bound syndrome

A

mental health problem with a set of symptoms recognized by only one culture

63
Q

neurosthenia

A

anxiety and effective disorder diagnosed only in China

64
Q

cultural bias (blindness)

A

inability to recognize symptoms not in the norm of the clinicians culture

65
Q

etic

A

outsider approach (DSM)

66
Q

emic

A

insider approach (culturally specific tools)

67
Q

avoiding culture bias

A
  1. learn about clients culture
  2. conduct interviews in 1st language
  3. educate client to requirements for diagnosis
  4. encourage minorities into clinical roles
68
Q

stigmatization

A

negative social view of a disorder, especially common in eastern cultures

69
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A

people begin to act as they think they are

70
Q

confirmation bias

A

if a client is there in the first place, something must be wrong

71
Q

OCD culture variations

A

similarity in prevalence rates, onset age, comorbidity of other anxiety and depressive disorders

72
Q

OCD gender variations

A

similar, or females slightly higher prevalence

73
Q

bipolar culture variations

A

prevalence rate, severity, impact, patterns of comorbidity all similar

74
Q

bipolar gender variations

A

sex ratios equal

75
Q

Psychopathology

A

Study of mental illness which is based on the observed symptoms in the patient

76
Q

Psychoanalytic

A

Events in early childhood that are pushed into the unconscious cause abnormal behavior

77
Q

ABCS in describing disorders

A

Affective symptoms
Behavioral
Cognitive
Somatic

Psychology (21 decks)

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