HEALTH- The Patient -Practitioner Relationship Flashcards
Define Non-verbal communication
- Any interactions that take place other than talking, for example body language, clothing.
What was the aim of Mckinstry and Wang
- Aimed to investigate whether patients think the way their doctor dresses is important, what their preference is and whether patients think the way the doctor dresses influences their effectiveness as a doctor
What did McKinstry and wang carry out their study and what was the result
- They showed pictures of 2 doctors to the participants
- One doctor was dressed formally (white coat over a suit or skirt)
- The other doctor dressed informally (jeans)
- Patients were asked to rate how confident they are in each doctors ability
- They found that formally dressed doctor received a higher rating than the informally dressed doctor especially from older patients.
Argyle suggested that non-verbal behaviours have 4 major uses
;
- To assist speech (Help by showing when you want to say something or emphasize)
- As replacements for speech (e.g. raised eyebrow can replace a verbal question)
- To signal attitudes ( e.g. trying to look cool and unworried by standing in a relaxed position)
- To signal emotional states (e.g. you can tell when someone is happy or angry by the way they sit or stand)
Define Verbal communication
- Any interaction that involves talking
Describe Doctor centered diagnosis
This is where the doctor dominates the discussion by asking all the questions and giving advice and the patient simply expresses what is bothering them
- Doctor mainly gathers info
- Doctor asks direct questions, closed questions about medical facts
- Doctor makes decisions and instructions
- Patient is expected to be passive and ask few questions
Describe patient-centered diagnosis
This is where the patient talks about what is bothering them and their needs while the doctor listens and adjusts their responses to match
- Doctor listens and reflects
- The doctor offers observations and seeks the patient’s ideas. They are encouraging and indicate understanding
- The doctor involves the patient in the decisions
- Patient is expected to be active, ask questions and influence consultations.
What influences doc-patient discussions
- Characteristics of the practitioner e.g Gender
- Characteristics of the patient
what are heuristics
- These are the logical decisions we make everyday
What are the two types of Heuristics
- Availability Heuristic: Judging the probability that something will happen based on the availability of information about it.
- Representative Heuristic: Judiging people and events based on what we think is typical for that group or event (E.g stereotype or expectation)
Describe a Type I error
- A type I error often referred to as a “false positive” and is the process of incorrectly. It occurs when the patient is healthy, but the doctor misdiagnoses them as bein unwell
Describe a Type II error
- This is a type I error and is the false acceptance of the null hypothesis. This is known as a false negative and implies that the patient is free of a disease when they are not, which is a dangerous diagnosis.
What are the problems of disclosing information to doctors
- Robinson and West illustrated that patients don’t always fully inform doctors of all their symptoms or other information due to getting info from self-reports
- The study investigated a genitourinary clinic and saw that people were more prepared to reveal more symptoms to a computer than to a doctor
- They concluded that it was probably the impersonal nature of the computer that caused patients to be more open, hence more valid responses.
What are Lay consultations
- When we seek medical advice from friends, families and co-workers
Reasons why people under-use health services.
- symptoms persist longer and adopt a “wait and see” attitude.
- Critical incident and more pain is experienced.
- ## Treatment expectation- we only seek treatment if it will cure
