BIOLOGICAL APPROACH-Hassett et al (monkey toy preferences) Flashcards
Describe the background of the study
- Hassett et al. was interested in the condition Congential Androgen Hyperplasia CAH.
-This condition in girls showed that they had a strong preference for boy toys even when encouraged to go for the girl toys - Hassett concluded that prenatal hormones play a role in toy preferences than just socialisation
- this was tested on monkeys and previous studies showed that male monkeys had a strong preference for masculine toys and likewise for female monkeys with feminine toys
Why were primates chosen for this study
-They are closely related to Humans genetically with some similar behaviours
- Some ethical issues may arise with humans as they deprive certain conditions in their environment
What are 2 ways in which the study by Hassett is different in comparison to the previous study by Alexander and Hines
- Alexander did not show the toys simultaneously however Hassett did
- Alexander used different species
while Hassett used Rhesus monkeys
State the psychology being investigated
- socialisation
- Gender stereotypes/ sex differences
- Play(activity)
- biological predisposition (role of hormones)
what is Socialisation
The process of learning to behave in socially acceptable ways and differs between cultures and gender. Several other factors can play a role
What are Gender stereotype
a bias/ belief that members of one gender shares the same characteristics
What are the 2 aims of the study
- Investigate whether sex differences in toys preferences is a result of biological factors rather than socialisation
- investigate whether female and male rhesus monkeys have similar toy preferences to human infants despite no socialisation experience with human toys.
Describe the observation used
- it was structured
- it was controlled
- non-particiapnt covert observers were used.
- it involved 2 video cameras
what were the 2 variables used in the study
Variable 1- the individuals monkeys ranks within the social hierarchy
Variable 2- the frequency or duration of activities with each type of toy
What type of experiment was this and which experimental design
- Field experiment
- Independent measures design
What was the IV and DV
IV- Either female or Male
DV- toy preferences
How was the DV operationalised
- measuring the mean, frequency and duration of interactions (behaviours on checklist) of wheeled (boy) toys and Plush (girl) toys
Describe the wheeled toys
- Were 6 in total
consisted of; - truck
- wagon
- car
- construction vehicle
- shopping cart
- dump truck
- ranged from 16-46cm
Describe the plush toys
-Were 7 in total
Consisted of;
- Ruggedy Anne
- Winnie-the pooh
- Koala bear
- Scooby doo
- teddy bear
- armadillo
- Hand puppet
- Turtle
- Ranged from 14- 73cm
Describe the features of the sample and technique used
- Opportunity sample
- 82 monkey sample used
- 21 Males
- 61 females
- from the Yerkes Primate Research station USA and lived together for 25 years
- 14 adults were excluded and 39 infants as well
- Lived in natal social groups and in total 135 animals
Describe the living conditions for the monkey
- was a 25m x 25m outdoor compound with attached temperature controlled indoor quarters