CLINICAL- PSYCHOMETRICS

Question 1

OCD:
Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory

Answer 1

• 30 item
• response is either ‘TRUE’ or ‘False’
• Measures the symptoms such as; ‘checking’ , ‘washing’ or ‘cleaning’
• 0-30 scale.
  - EXAMPLE:
  “I frequently have to check things (gas, water, taps) several times’’

+One strength of the MOCI is that it has high test-rest reliability. For example, Hodgson and
Rachman asked 50 students to complete the MOCI and then reassessed them one
month later. 89% were the same.
-People may not know how to respond if a statement is
only true some of the time or they do not understand the question. ‘I use only an average amount of soap’, people may be unsure what is average

Question 2

OCD:
Yale’s Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale

Answer 2

• Developed by Goodman et al.
• Semi-structured interview
• Scores range from 0-40
• 30 mins duration
• assess the severity of symptoms of OCD
• Involves a checklist of several obsessions and compulsions with a 10-item scale
• The scale can rate:
  > How much time spent on the obsession
  > How much distress it causes them
  EXAMPLE:
  Obsessions : contamination
  Compulsions: washing

+Goodman et al.
(1989a) tested this using 40 people with OCD, each of whom were assessed by four different
interviewers.There was strong inter-rater reliability between them
-One weakness of the Y-BOCS is that it asks people to consider the severity of their symptoms
in the last week. This could be a problem if people experience their symptoms in different
ways throughout the week.

Question 3

ANXIETY/ PHOBIA
Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7

Answer 3

• 7 items
• assess the symptoms severity of anxiety
• 0-21 score range
• applies to the last 2 weeks
• Scores
  represent:
  0–5 mild anxiety,
  6–10 moderate anxiety,
  11–15 moderately severe anxiety
  15–21 severe anxiety.
• Individuals provide a score range of 0(not at all) to 3(nearly everyday)
  EXAMPLE:
  *Feeling anxious or on edge
  feeling afraid that something bad will happen to them *

+One strength of the GAD-7 is that research evidence suggests that this test has strong test-retest reliability. For example, Spitzer et al. (2006
-The scale only applies to the last 2 weeks when there might have been improvement

Question 4

ANXIETY/PHOBIA
Blood Injection Phobia Inventory

Answer 4

• involves 18 possible situations involving blood and injections
• The respondant will evaluate these situations and suggest the reaction they will give
  -These include :
  > Cognitive
  > psychological
  > behavioural
• They rate their responses on a 0-3 scale with 0-never and 3- always
• EXAMPLE:
  ~ When I see someone bleeding and injured on the street
• “My armpits will sweat”- Biological
• “I might faint” - Cognitive

+The BIPI is valid with evidence from Mas et al. shows a strong corerelation with the Blood subscale
-They ask how people would react in these situations which is not actually a valid representative of how they would react making it subjective.

Question 5

ICD:
Kleptomania Symptom Assessment Scale K-SAS

Answer 5

• 11-Item
• Measures:
  > impulses
  > thoughts
  > feelings
  > behaviours
  related to stealing
• This assessment is applied to the past 7 days
• each item is rated on a 0-4 or 0-5 scale with 0-no symptoms and 4-severe symptoms
• Total score is 44
• A score of 31 and over= Severe
• A score of 21 = moderate
  EXAMPLE
  ‘ In the past 7 days how strong were your urges to steal, please circle the most appropriate number’

+A further strength is the use of quantitative data
-People with kleptomania are often deeply ashamed of their urges
and actions, meaning they are likely to under-report the true extent of their disorder.

Question 6

MOOD DISORDERS:
Beck’s Depression Inventory

Answer 6

• 21 item self-report
• Assess attitudes and symptoms of depression
• Score of 14-19: mild depression
• Score of 20-28: moderate depression
• Score 30 and above: severe depression
• Each item contains 4 statements
• The respondant must take at least 4 statements that best fits how they feel
• Other items relate to known symptoms:
  > Guilt
  > Hopelessness
  > Physiological
  > Fatigue
  > Weightloss

+the Hamilton Psychiatric
Rating Scale for Depression (Arbisi, 2001; Farmer, 2001). provides research to support the BDI’s validity and reliability
-A weakness of the BDI is that it relies on self-reported data which may be provided during
a semi-structured interview with a doctor. The doctor may then complete the BDI based on
the participants’ answers.

Question 7

MOOD DISORDERS:
Attributional style Questionnaire

Answer 7

• 12 hypothetical good and bad situations
• Had to rate each cause of the situation on a 7-point scale