health policy

Question 1

structure of health policy

Answer 1

Prescriptive part= Rehabilitation, treatment, diagnosis, prevention

Descriptive part= Aims and priorities, health needs, health determinants

Question 2

HP INCLUDES

Answer 2

It includes =
Aim
Priorities
Means

Question 3

STEPS FOR BUILIDNG HP

Answer 3

1. Health needs- people suffering from disease have a specific requirement which the health system can answer.
2. Health resources
3. Attitude of the public (positive)
4. Position of politics

Question 4

CLASSIFCTAION OF HP

Answer 4

1. Depending on the scope

National HP
Regional HP
Municipal HP

2. Depending on the orientation
   Drug policy
   Specific disease or group of diseases
   Policy of primary health care
   policy of hospital care

Question 5

before 2000

Answer 5

Model = budgetary state system
Structure = centralisation with pyramidal structure
Management = state regulation and planning
Primary healthcare = residential (territorial) principle (Internal, paediatrics, OBGYN), dispensaries

Question 6

after 2000

Answer 6

Model = public health insurance (NHIF)
Structure = Decentralisation
Management = pseudo-market principles
Primary healthcare = GP’s

Question 7

reforms in bg

Answer 7

3 bullet ponts

1. The health insurance act of 1998 reformed the Bulgarian health system into a health insurance system with compulsory and voluntary health insurance (key players being NHIF, single payer in social health insurance (SHI), or voluntary health insurance companies (VHIC’s) as well as the insured individuals and the health care providers)
2. Health care reforms after 1998 focused predominantly on ambulatory care
3. In 2001, a mental healthcare reform was introduced, aiming to improve outpatient and community-based services and to prioritise care provided by the family and in the social environment

Question 8

Models of healthcare systems:

Answer 8

Models of healthcare systems:
Charity- a complimentary type, optional in places with a strong religious structure like Italy or turkey.
Budgetary (state)

Public fund insurance

Private insurance
Mixed

Question 9

funding

Answer 9

can be governmental or non governmental

governmental (from the state budget)
- decentralised italy
- centralised (bg)

non governmental
Funds
Charity donations
Private
Municipal

Question 10

WHAT IS A HEALTH POLICY

Answer 10

its a policy or priciple to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes

Question 11

ADVANTAGES OF BUDEGET

Answer 11

1. Free and universal healthcare
   Equal rights for everyone
   Better geographic coverage of population
   Well-funded IF `the economy is good.

Question 12

DISADVANTAGES FOR BUDGETARY

Answer 12

Irregular funding
Mo mechanisms for self-management
No external stimuli for users (people start to neglect personal health and believe the government is responsible.
No stimuli for medical professionals (they work on a fixed salary so ↑ workload for the same money = ↓ motivation to provide best care).

Question 13

ONLY CONDITION FOR HEALTH INSURANCE MODEL

Answer 13

more than 1 health insurance fund.

Question 14

ADVANYAGES OF HEALTH INSURANCE

Answer 14

Social security for consumers
Medical professionals sign contracts.
More stable funding of medical services

Question 15

DISADVATGES OF HEALTH INSURANCE

Answer 15

High administrative costs
Difficult co-ordination
↑ costs for healthcare services

Question 16

IS THE GOVERNEMNT INVOLVED IN PRIVATE HEALTH CARE

Answer 16

No involvement of the government- only controls law abidement etc.

Question 17

. Although Bulgaria remains a relatively centralised country, a significant process of decentralisation began
in the early 2000s, boosted by the EU accession in 2004 which led to the adoption of the Strategy for Decentralisation in 2006, revised in 2010.
Municipal responsibilities are divided into two categ

Answer 17

d