first 2 essays

Question 1

historical moments in social med

Answer 1

Hippocrates 400BC à found environmental and host factors have influence on development of disease.

Johan Peter Frank, 1745-1821à “Die medizinische Polizei”; considered the “father of social medicine”

France, 1848 à Public health legislation

John Snow, 1849 à Field epidemiological approach; waterborne
transmission of cholera.

Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902) à Awareness on the powerful
relationship between people’s social position, their living
conditions and their health outcomes

Austin Bradford Hill, 1937 à Principles of Medical Statistics

World Health Organization (WHO), 1948 à Established on 7 April 1948. WHO’s objective is the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health.

The Alma Ata Declaration (Kazakhstan), September 1978 àNeed for a comprehensive health strategy that not only provides health services but also addresses the underlying social, economic and political causes of poor health

Ottawa, November 1986 à
The First International Conference on Health Promotion;
Adopted the Ottawa Charter on Health Promotion, identifying 8
key determinants of health:
1. peace, 2. shelter, 3. education, 4. food, 5. income, 6. a stable
eco-system, 7. sustainable resources, 8. social justice, and equity

51st World Health Assembly, May 1998 à
Health For All in the 21st Century (World Health Declaration)

Question 2

def health

Answer 2

• Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 3

social etiology

Answer 3

how far social factors have an impact on individual or public health. The impact can be direct (e.g. exposure to increased noise at workplace) or indirect (e.g. increased number of mosquitos in summer), as well as positive (e.g. banning public smoking), negative or a combination of both.

Question 4

social factors

Answer 4

Personal
Familial
Professional = job related
Public = related to infrastructure and environment
Related to healthcare services = access to them.

Question 5

social therapy

Answer 5

the introduction of socio-therapeutic factors as well as the introduction of positive factors that should promote the establishment of health

Question 6

social rehabilitation

Answer 6

introduce positive social factors to help individuals progress to a more healthier life and be able to be reintroduced into society