Health and safety- 1.9 Flashcards
what do employers have a legal obligation to do?
ensure that strict health and safety legislation is implemented. Employers also are required to follow all procedures to eliminate health hazards and prevent accidents to themselves and others.
what are the things that an employer must ensure? (10)
- All equipment, tools and machinery are safe to work with and are fitted with safety guards or emergency stop buttons
- all equipment and tools are regularly maintained and tested for safety
- training and supervision are provided for all equipment, tools and machinery
- ergonomically designed work stations are used
- dangerous items and substances are stored safely
- accident reporting systems are in place
- welfare facilities such as first aid are provided
- Adequate breaks are provided/planned for
- the working place has adequate ventilation and suitable lighting
- workers are provided PPE (personal protective equipment) such as chainmail gloves
what are the safety practises for a school/college workshop? (13)
- all safety rules and signage must be followed
- machinery or equipment should not be used without training beforehand
- no eating or drinking
- PPE must be work when using machinery or dealing with chemicals such as dyes
- long hair must be tied back to avoid entrapping in machinery
- work areas and walkways must be kept neat and free of tripping hazards
- spillages must be reported
- all persons should be aware of emergency procedures e.g fire evacuation routes
- care must be taken when handling hot liquids such as batik wax
- breakages or damaged tools must be reported to a teacher
- hands must be kept away from cutting blades
- hands and fingers must be kept away from the moving parts of machines
- electrical equipment must be switched off at the socket after use to avoid injury through accidental operation
when was the health and safety act (HASAWA) introduced?
1974
what does HASAWA stand for?
Health and Safety At Work Act
what is HASAWA?
a primary legislation for British Health and safety covering workplace- it makes employers liable for not following safety regulations, and makes it an obligation for employers to use safety equipment. The act also ensures that a HSE (health and safety executive) is employed at the workplace to ensure that the act is being followed and to recognise risks in the workplace and act upon them.
what does HASAWA say?
HASAWA says that employers must protect the health, safety and welfare of all employees and visitors.- this act makes it a legal requirement for employers to carry out risk assessments and put sensible measures in place to control risk
what does HSE stand for?
Health and safety executive
what is the responsibility of the HSE?
the responsibility of the HSE is to enforce HASAWA (Health and safety at work act) and to ensure that there are no risks in the workplace- if there are risks they must act upon them
what does COSHH stand for?
Control of substances hazardous to health regulations
when was the COSHH regulation put in place?
2002
what can employers do to comply with COSHH?
carry out risk assessments to prevent, reduce or control their workers’ exposure to harmful substances such as chemical dyes
what can prolonged exposure to harmful substances cause?
-chronic lung diseases, skin problems, eye irritation or asthma
what are some hazardous textile substances?
dyes, bleaches, chemicals used for fabric finishes, adhesives or cleaning materials
what are the four steps of risk management?
- identify the risk
- assess the risks
- plan and implement control measures
- monitor and review
how can you identify a risk?
- from looking at incident reports and seeing what aspects cause the most harm
- analysing the risks of new machinery/equipment
- analysing risks in new or changed manufacturing processes
what happens during the assessment of the risk?
the risk is ranked according to how likely it is to occur, as well as how severe the impact of the risk will be (high, medium, low, or minimal risk)
how can you control a risk?
- change equipment or materials to remove a hazard
- isolate people from the hazard
- improve training
- change working methods
- use PPE
how can you monitor and review a risk?
- regularly monitor and review the effectiveness of control measures
- check whether the situation has changed
- check whether there are new risks emerging
what is the risk from handling rolls of heavy fabric?
- back injury from lifting
- foot or head injury if rolls fall from a height
how would you tackle the risks from handling rolls of heavy fabric?
- providing PPE such as steel toe cap shoes or a hard hat
-provide instructions on the correct way to lift heavy items
-use lifting equipment
what are the risks from spreading and cutting fabric?
- hand/ finger injury from cutting
- inhalation of dust or dust irritation from dust entering the worker’s eye
how would you tackle the risks of cutting/spreading fabric?
-provide PPE such as chainmail gloves, breathing masks and safety goggles
-use machine safety guards and only use machinery if trained
what are the risks with machine sewing?
- hand/finger injury from sharp parts
-hair /clothing entrapment - eye injury from breaking needles
-back injury
how would you manage risks from machine sewing?
- tie back long hair to avoid entrapment in the sewing machine
-use ergonomically designed workstations and job rotation to avoid repetitive strain injury
what are the risks with using pressing equipment?
-burns or scalds from hot equipment
-finger/hand injuries from presses
how would you tackle the risks with using pressing equipment?
-only use the equipment if trained
-fit emergency stop buttons on machines
-turn on the steam function only when ready to use
-hand irons must be fitted with a thermostat to protect them from overheating
what are the risks with dyeing and printing on fabric?
-inhalation or eye contact with dyes
-skin damage or reaction to contact with dyes
how would you tackle risks with dyeing/printing on fabric?
-COSHH safety labelling instructions on containers
-ensure there is ventilation in the working space
-wear PPE such as gloves, safety goggles, protective clothing such as overalls and aprons.
-know first-aid procedures with working with chemicals
what are the risks of materials being handled by conveyor belts?
- head injury from overhead conveyor belt system
-hand/finger injury from conveyors
how would you tackle the risks caused by materials being handled by overhead conveyor belts?
-provide designated safe zones or walkways
-training must be given to employees on how to use the conveyor belt system
-floor area where the conveyor belt passes must be painted in black and yellow warning stripes
designers and manufacturers…
have a responsibility to consider the safety of potential users
when was the general product safety regulations put in place?
2005
when was the furniture and furnishings regulations put in place?
1993
when was the trade descriptions act put in place?
2011
what is the trade descriptions act (2011)?
an act that claims it is an offence for businesses to make false or misleading statements about goods or services- e.g fake designer bags are products which do not conform to the trade descriptions act as they pretend they are the real designer product and lie about where the product was manufactured and by what company
what is the general product safety regulations (2005) act?
an act that places the responsibility on a business/manufacturer to supply safe goods- the manufacture must ensure that the goods that they sell must be safe for the consumer to use, e.g they must ensure that instructions and warnings are available in the language of the country that the product will be sold in
what is a code of practise?
set of agreed rules/regulations that an organisation and the employees in it must follow that guide a company’s way of working- e.g the BSI has a code of practise which has recommendations for materials, designs, components and manufacturing processes relating to the production of children’s clothing to promote safety
what are the safety standards in children’s clothing?
-no cords or drawings around the hood and neck areas of children aged 0-7 years, for 7-14 year olds, the maximum length allowed is 75mm
-no cords or ribbons accessible to a child’s mouth as unraveled fibres could be a choking hazard. the ends of cords and ribbons must be secured through heat-sealing to prevent fraying
-no loose threads which could get wrapped around fingers or toes, causing blood circulation to be cut off
-no zips in trousers for boys under the age of 5
-no components such as buttons that look or smell like food
-no hoods on sleepwear for children less than 12 months to prevent overheating
what does the nightwear safety regulations (1985) say?
it is an offence to supply nightwear that does not meet flammability regulations set by the BSI
nightwear that does not follow flammability requirements must have…
a permanent sewn in label with “KEEP AWAY FROM FIRE” in red letters
what is the consumer rights act (2015)?
the consumer rights act safeguards consumers against faulty products: (ensures that products have a reasonable level of quality and safety)
-goods are to be of satisfactory quality and must be safe
If the product does not have a reasonable level of quality and is unsafe to use the consumer is entitled to compensation
nightwear that does follow BSI regulations may have one or both of these labels:
- “KEEP AWAY FROM FIRE” in red
- “LOW FLAMMABILITY TO BS7522”
what does BSI stand for?
British Standards institute
what is the role of the BSI?
the BSI is a representative that works with CEN- the European standards body- they set out essential requirements for products so that the product fits its intended purpose (e.g children’s nightwear should not be flammable). They also have the role of testing products to ensure they fit with British and European standards- if they do fit the standards of both of these organisations they can be awarded a ‘kite mark’ to show the product fits within intended standards.
-the standards relating to textiles include matters such as sizing, garment safety and fabric testing methods
what is the BSI kitemark?
a quality mark to show that a product conforms to agreed British and European standards
toys available for retail must comply with…
the provisions of toys (safety) regulations (2011) and European standard BS EN 71
what are some hazards associated with children’s toys?
-soft toys with loose pile fabric or hair that sheds easily and can be injested
-toys with small components such as buttons that detach and can be a choking hazard
-loose ribbons on toys and long neck ties on children’s costume
-children’s dress-up costumes which are flammable
-toys intended for children under 36 months that do not meet hygiene and cleanliness requirements and may increase the risk of infection, sickness or contamination
what is the lion mark?
the lion mark is a logo which was developed in 1988 and is used on children’s toys to connote safety and show that the product is safe to be used by children
what year was the lion mark introduced?
1988
What is the CE mark?
(Conformative European)- symbol given by the manufacturer to say that the product conforms to European protection laws/ legislative requirements to be sold in the particular country, in this case in Europe - the symbol is not a measure of safety or quality
