Fibres- 1.1 Flashcards
what is a fibre?
a thin, hair like strand
what are all fibres made of?
long chains of molecules called polymers
what 3 sections are natural fibres split up into?
-natural plant/cellulose fibres
-natural animal/protein fibres
-natural animal hair/ protein fibres
what are the 3 natural plant/cellulose fibres?
-cotton
-linen
-ramie
what are the 2 animal/protein fibres?
-wool
-silk
what are the 3 natural animal hair/protein fibres?
-angora
-mohair
-cashmere
what two sections are manufactured/ regenerated fibres split up into?
-new generation lyocell fibres
-regenerated fibres
what are regenerated fibres manufactured from?
manufactured from natural cellulose that has been chemically modified
why are new generation lyocell fibres environmentally friendly?
the cellulose is harvested from sustainably grown trees and some of the fibres are produced using a closed-loop system which means the chemicals used in the manufacture are recycled
what are the two types of regenerated fibres?
-acetate
-viscose
what is acetate made of?
cellulose and acetetic acid
what is viscose made of?
made from wood pulp
what are the two types of new generation lyocell fibres?
Modal and Lyocell (e.g tencel)
what are synthetic fibres made of?
synthetic polymers based on petrochemicals and oils like petrol, coal and oil
what process are most synthetic fibres made from?
the melt spinning process
what does the melt spinning process produce?
long, continous filament fibres which are thermoplastic (they can be heated and shaped in many different ways and return to their original shape when heated)
what are the seven synthetic fibres?
-nylon (polyamide)
-aramids (kevlar and nomex)
-polyester
-acrylic
-polyvinyl
-fluorofibres (PTFE)
-elastane (lycra or spandex)
what are inorganic fibres classed as?
man-made fibres- however they are not synthetic polymers
what are the 4 inorganic fibres?
-carbon (graphite fibres)
-glass fibres
-ceramic
-metal
where is the pulp used to make lyocell sourced from?
-eucalyptus
-oak
-birch trees
how is eucalyptus a sustainable tree?
-it is a fast growing tree and doesn’t involve irrigation
why is sourcing wood pulp not environmentally friendly?
it uses heavy machinery to extract wood pulp, which relies on non renewable energy sources such as coal, petrol and oil