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Anatomy Year 2 - Robbie > Head and Neck Week 3 - dry room > Flashcards

Head and Neck Week 3 - dry room Flashcards

1
Q

what is the flooor of the skulldivided into?

A

three fossae

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2
Q

what is present in each fossa?

A

many foramina (or holes) through which nerves and blood vessels enter/leave the calvarium

there is also grooves and depression which indicate the position, in life, of blood vessels and other structures

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3
Q

which bone forms the posterior boundary of the anterior cranial fossa?

A

sphenoid bone

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4
Q

what are 2 main features found in the anterior cranial fossa?

A

cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

crista gali in the midline (falx cerebri attaches to this)

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5
Q

which bone forms the anterior boundary of the middle cranial fossa?

A

sphenoid bone

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6
Q

which bones forms the floor of the middle cranial fossa?

A

body and greater wing of sphenoid and the temporal bone (squamous and petroud part)

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7
Q

which bones forms the posterior boundary of the middle cranial fossa?

A

temporal and sphenoid bone

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8
Q

what 4 bones come together to form the pterion? (H-shaped suture)

A

forntal

aprietal

temporal

sphenoid

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9
Q

which bone forms the anterior and which the posterior border of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

anterior - sphenoid and temporal

posterior - occipital

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10
Q

the larger foramina in the skull are for nerves and blood vessels to leve/enter the cranial avity but what structures pass through the small foramina in the skull?

A

emissary veins

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11
Q

in the anterior cranial fossa, what passes through the foramina of the cribriform plate?

A

olfactory nerve (CNI)

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12
Q

in the middle cranial fossa, what passes through the optic foramen?

A

optic nerve

opthalmic artery

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13
Q

in the middle cranial fossa, what passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A

CN III, IV, VI

V1

opthalmic veins

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14
Q

in the middle cranial fossa, what passes through the foramen rotundum?

A

maxillary nerve (CN V2)

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15
Q

in the middle cranial fossa, what passes through the foramen ovale?

A

Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

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16
Q

in the middle cranial fossa, what passes through the foramen spinosum?

A

middle meningeal artery and vein

meningeal branch of mandibular nerve

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17
Q

in the middle cranial fossa, what passes through the foramen lacerum?

A

artery of pterygoid canal, nerve of pterygoid canal and some venoud drainage

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18
Q

in the middle cranial fossa, what passes through the carotid canal?

A

ICA

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19
Q

in the posteior cranial fossa, what passes through the inernal acoustic foramen?

A

facial nerve (CNVII)

vestibulocochlear nerve (CNVIII)

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20
Q

in the posteior cranial fossa, what passes through the jugular foramen?

A

glossopharyngel nerve (CN IX)

vagus nerve (CN X)

accessory nerve (CN XI)

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21
Q

in the posteior cranial fossa, what passes through the hypoglossal foramen?

A

hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)

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22
Q

in the posteior cranial fossa, what passes through the foramen magnum?

A

spinal cord, vertebral arteries, anterior and posterior spinal arteries, accessory nerve

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23
Q

study this image

A
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24
Q

a

A

olfactory nerve (CNI)

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25
Q

b

A

optic nerve (CNII)

26
Q

c

A

oculomotor nerve (CNII)

trochlear nerve (CNIV)

opthalmic nerve (CNV1)

abducens nerve (CNVI)

27
Q

d

A

maxillary nevre (CNV2)

28
Q

e

A

madinbular nevre (CNV3)

29
Q

f

A

facial nerve (CNVII)

vestibulocochlear nerve (CNVII)

30
Q

g

A

glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX)

vagus nerve (CNX)

accessory nevre (CNXI)

31
Q

h

A

hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)

32
Q

whata re grooves in the skull formed by?

A

arteries or intra-cranial venous sinuses

33
Q

where are the intra-cranial venous blood sinuses found?

A

between the inner and outer layers of dura - the inner layer is the dura proper and the outer layer the periosteum on the inside face of the skull bone

34
Q

what is the groove just lateral to the foramen spinosum formed by?

A

middle meningeal artery

35
Q

the middle meningeal arteyr is commonly damaged in blows to the head as the artery is thin and a branch of this artery crosses the pterion on its inner surface

reuslts in a bleed collecting between the periosteum of the skull and the dura mater (an extradural haemorrhage)

such haemorrhages are classically biconvex, lens-shaped

what anatomical factor prevents the collected blood from spreading over a wider area, restricting it to a lens-shaped area?

A

durs mater is firmly attached to the grooves of the skull

36
Q

what grooves run laterally on both sides starting from the internal occipital proturbance in the posterior cranial fossa?

A

they are for the intracranial venous sinus clled the transverse sinus

37
Q

if you trace the transverse sinus laterally, what do they continue as

A

they continue as the S-shaped groove for the sigmoid sinus

38
Q

into which formaen does the sigmoid sinus lead?

A

jugular formamen

39
Q

which major vein in the neck emerges into the neck form the jugular foramen?

A

internal jugular vein

40
Q

what is the sella turcica?

A

a depp depression in the midline in the middle cranial fossa which houses the pituitary gland

found in the body of the sphenoid bone

41
Q

what can be found either side of the sella turcica

A

anterior and posterior clinoid processes

42
Q

what attaches to the clinoid processes?

A

fold of the dura mater called the tentorium cerebelli

43
Q

what groove is found either side of the sella turcica?

A

groove for the cavernous sinus

44
Q

which foramen lies immediatley anterior to the groove for the cavernous sinus?

A

optic foramen or the superior orbital fissure

45
Q

on the interal surface of the skull cap, what is the groove in the midline made by?

A

superior sagittal sinus

46
Q

what bones make up the base of the skull

A

maxillary bone

palatinr bone

vomer

temporal bone

occipital bone

47
Q

where are the pterygoid plates and hamulus on the base of the skull?

and what bone are they a part of?

A

sphenoid

48
Q

what muscle attaches to the medial pterygoid plate?

A

superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle

tensor veli palatini msucle

49
Q

what attaches to the lateral pterygoid plate?

A

lateral and medial pterygoid msucles

50
Q

a neonatal skull is not fully ossified, making it less rigid and more flexible

what are the advantages of having a comparatively flexible skull?

A

during child birth it allows for easier passage of child

during infancy it allows the brain to grow

in the event of accidents such as falls it stops fractures but can bruise the brain

51
Q

what type of ossification occurs in:

flat bones of the vault of the skull?

irregular bones of the base of the skull?

A

membranous ossification

endochondral ossification

52
Q

how do foetal, child and adult skulls differ in the following respects?

fontanelles

dentition

tympanic membrane

styloid and mastoid processes of temporal bone

A

fontanelles - gaps in skull in children, fused in adults

dentition - less teeth in children

tympanic membrane - smaller, thinner, more superficial in children

styloid and mastoid processes of temporal bone - not formed, 1 year post-natal

53
Q

what age do the anterior and the posterior fontanelles fuse?

A

anterior - 18-24 months

posterior - 1-2 months

54
Q

what type of epithelium lines the dorsal surface of the tongue?

A

keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

55
Q

what type of msucle fibres underlies the epithelium of the tongue?

A

skeletal msucle fibres

56
Q

what secretions could a salivary gland release?

A

predominantly serous

predominantly mucous

mixed

different is reflected in histology in the presence and amount of serous or mucous acini (secretory components)

57
Q

what colour do acini stain?

A

serous acini secrete proteins, which means they stain strongly

mucous acini secrete the glycoprotein mucous which stains poorly

58
Q

what is the function of a myoepithelial cells

A

they are contractile

help expell secretions form the lumen of secretory units

59
Q

what do each of the following secrete:

parotid

sublingual

submandibular

A

parotid - predominantly serous

sublingual - predominantly mucoud

submandibular - mixed

60
Q

what type of salivary gland is shown?

A

Parotid gland - serous glands

61
Q

what type of salivary gland is shown?

A

Sublingual gland - majority of the glands are mucous secreting

62
Q

what type of salivary gland is shown?

A

Submandibular gland - mixed serous and mucous glands

Anatomy Year 2 - Robbie (17 decks)

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