Head and Neck Week 1 - Wet room Flashcards
What is the most common joint seen between most bones in the skull?
fibrous joints
The skull is divided into what 3 parts?
- neuro-cranium
- the facial skull (viscera-cranium)
- mandible
A?
Periosteum
B?
Compact bone
C?
Spongy bone (diploe)
Which part of a skull bone has red marrow?
Spongy bone (cancellous)
A?
parietal bone
B?
maxillary bone
C?
forntal bone
D?
sphenoid bone
E?
Zygomatic bone
F?
mandible
G?
temporal bone
H?
Occipital bone
A?
saggital suture
B?
Lambdoid suture
C?
Coronal suture
What suture is between the 2 parietal bones?
saggital suture
What suture if between the parietal and forntal bones?
coronal suture
What suture is between the patieral and occipital bones?
lamboid suture
A?
ethmoid bone
B?
Nasal bone
What bone is the occipital proturbance a part of?
occipital bone
What bone is the mastoid process and styloid process a part of?
temporal bone
What bone is the zygomatic arch a part of?
temporal bone
zygomatic bone
Bone are the occipital condyles a part of?
occipital bone
On the floor of the skull what are the three different fossae?
Anterior cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
Posterior cranial fossa
What is the blue area?
(sphenoid bone)
the body
What is the red area?
greater wing
What is the green area?
lesser wing
What is the yellow area?
pterygoid process
Where would the pituatary fossa be found?
in the body of the sphenoid bone
What do the palatine bones form?
part of the hard palate
Whata re the 2 pterygoid plates of the sphenoid bone?
Lateral and medial pterygoid plates
What is the largest foramen on the posterior cranial fossa
foramen magnus
What structures pass through the foramen magnus?
spinal cord
right and left vertebral arteries
The ear ossicles are found within what part of the temporal bone?
petrous part
Where does the scalp extend posteriorly to?
superior nuchal lines
What bone is the superior nuchal lines a part of?
occipital bone
What type of joint is present between the 2 bones at the zygomatic arch?
fibrous
What are the 5 layers of the scalp?
S - skin
C - dense connective tissue
A - aponeurosis of occipitofrontal muscle
L - loose alveolar connective tissue
P - periosteum
On a wet specimen what layers of the scalp are not easily visable?
the 4th and 5th layers
What is the innervation of the scalp?
in the anterior part of the scalp the nerve supply is by all three branches of the trigeminal nerve
in the posterior half of the scalp nerve supply is from cutaneous branches of cervical spinal nerves C2 and C3
What structure forms from the ventral rami of C5 to T1 and what does this formation innervate?
brachial plexus
upper limbs
the scalp is richly supplies by blood vessels
in which layer of the scalp are blood vessels present?
connective tissue layer
Would wounds of the scalp bleed profusley or sparingly?
profusley
connective tissue layer prevents vasoconstriction
supratrochlear and supra-orbital arteries are branches of what larger artery?
ICA
superficial temporal, posterior auricular and occipital arteries are branches of what larger artery?
ECA
Blood vessels of the scalp are mostly from what?
ECA
DO the blood vessels anastomise on the scalp?
yes
a
superificial temporal vein
b
posterior auricular vein
c
external jugular vein
d
right subclavian vein
e
supra-orbital vein
f
supratrochlear vein
g
facial vein
h
anterior jugular vein
i
internal jugular vein
What are valveless veins called that run form the outside to inside of the skull bones?
emissary veins
What is diploe?
spongy cancellous bone separating the inner and outer layers of cortical bone of the skull
What potentil grave complication could arise form scalp infections due to the presence of emissary veins?
can spread infection intracranially
Are there lymph node sin the scalp?
no
lymph drains away from scalp into lymph nodes of the head and neck
Where do the msucles of facial expression lie?
within the superficial fascia of the face
how do these differ in terms of position compared to other skeletal msucles? and in terms of attachment?
they are more superficial
they are connected to the skin
a
frontalis
b
occipitalis
c
temporalis
d
orbicularis oculi
e
buccinator
f
orbicularis orbis
g
platysma
h
masseter
i
Sternocleidomastoid
What nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?
cranial nerve VII
Facial nerve
as the facial nerve leaves the cranial cavity where does it emerge onto the side of the face?
through the stylomastoid foramen
Where does the facial nerve split into its terminal branches
in the parotid gland
What are the names of the 3 salivary glands?
Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular
What type of gland is the parotid gland?
exocrine
has a duct
Which nerve branches can you see emerging form the anterior border of the parotid gland?
facial nerve
What muscle does the parotid gland pierce in order to open into the oral cavity?
buccinator
Where does the parotid duct open into the oral cavity?
opposite the decond upper molar tooth
What are structure that enter/leave the parotid gland?
facial nerve
ECA
retromandibular vein
What type of innervation does the parotid gland recieve?
What division of the autonomic nervous system is the secretomotor of the parotid gland?
parasympathetic and sympathetic
parasympathetic
What cranial nerve carries parasympathetic fibres destined for the parotid gland?
IX
glossopharyngeal nerve
What cranial nerve carries parasympathetic fibres for the submandibular and sublingual glands?
facial nerve (CN VII)
Where does the sympathetic innervation to the parotid gland originate from?
external carotid nerve plexus
What are the 3 main branches of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)
opthalmic division (V1)
maxillary division (V2)
mandibular division (V3)
What artery of the head and neck are the facial artery and the superficial temporal artery branches of?
ECA
What bone does the facial artery wind around to reach the face?
Mandible
What muscles on the side of the face lies immediatley posterior to the facial artery as it enters onto the face?
masseter
Just before the facial artery enters onto the face, what gland does it groove?
Submandibular
Where does the facial artery end?
at the medial side of the eye where it becomes the angual artery
where do the facial and superficial temporal veins drain?
internal jugular vein
(can also be the external jugular vein)
