Anatomy of the urinary system Flashcards
urinary systemis a set of connected tubular structures which collectivley function to maintain body homeostasis, this is achieved by…..
regulation of body fluid volume and electrolyte balance by the mechanisms of blood filtration and blood pressure regularion
name the component parts of the urinary system and write doen the function of each part next to its name
kindeys - maintains homeostasis by blood filtration
ureter - a tube that carries urine form the kidneys to the bladder
urinary bladder - stores urine
urethra - tube that carries urine form the bladder to outside the body
where are the kdineys located?
in paravertebral gutters on the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the vertebral column between vertebra T12-L3
the hilus of the kidney (the part on the medial concave border of the kidney through which blood vessels and the ureter enter/leave the substance of the kidney) lies at the level of………
the transpyloric plane
at what level is the transpyloric plane?
L1
the kidney do not lie at the same vertebral level, why?
right is lower due to the liver
whata re the 4 fascial coverings of the kidney?
- fibrous renal capsule
- fatyt renal capsule
- renal fascia - fibro-fatty tissue
- pararenal fatty tissue - mainly on the posterior aspects of the kidney
what is the significance of habing fatty tissue around the kidneys?
for proteciton
what are the posterior relations (muscles) of the kidney?
the kidney has a close relationship with the diaphragm
what does this tell you about the position of the kidneys during inspirationa dn expiration?
they move with respiration
the kidney along with the rest of the urinary system are what
retroperitoneal
name 2 parts of the GI tract that are retroperitoneal?
pancreas
ascending colon and descinding colon
the anterior surface of the kidneys are related to the viscera of the GI
name one to five on the right kidney
1 suprarenal gland
2 liver
3 duodenum
4 colon
5 jejunum
the anterior surface of the kidneys are related to the viscera of the GI
name one to six on the left kidney
1 suprarenal gland
2 stomach
3 spleen
4 pancreas
5 area for small bowel
6 left colonic flexure
consider the peritonisation of the organs which lie on the kdiney
if the organ is peritonised, the kidney below it will be _________
if the organ is retroperitoneal thent he kdiney below it will not be ________
peritonised
peritonised
what is the nevre supply of the kidney?
sympathetic nerves originate in the T12 and L1 spinal segments, pass through the coeliac ganglia and along the renal artery to the organ
parasympathetic nerves are deroved from the vagus nerves
what is the lymphatic drainage of the kidneys?
lymph form the kidneys drain to the para-aortic lymph nodes around the origin of the renal arteries (L!1)
what is seen here and how does it happen?
duplicated ureter
a congenital condition in which the ureteric bud, the embryological origin of the ureter, splits (or arises twice), resulting in two ureters draining a single kidney. It is the most common renal abnormality, occurring in approximately 1% of the population
what is shown here?
horseshoe kidney
a
capsule
b
proximal convoluted tubule
c
renal corpuscle
d
distal convoluted tubule
e
collecting duct
f
loop of henle
g
collecting duct
h
afferent and efferent arterioles
i
glomerular capillaries
j
visceral
parietal
k
bowmans space
what is around the outside edge of the glomerulus?
parietal layer of bowmans capsule
bowmans space lies between what layers?
visceral and parietal
at what vertebral level are the paired renal arteries given off from the abdominal aorta?
L1-2
how does the relationship between the vena cava and the aorta affect renal arteries and veins
the left renal vein travels anterior to the aorta and is relativley long, while the right renal vein travels direct and is relatively short
conversely, the right renal artery travels posterior to the inferior vena cava and is relatively long, while the left renal artery travels directly anf is relatively short
identify a vein that travels up form the pelvis to drain into the left renal vein, what is this vien called?
left gonadal vein
the right gonadal vein drains directly into the inferior vena cava
the ureter is retroperitoneal, distensible muscular tube that connects the kidney with the _______
bladder
the proximal portion lies in the abdominal cavity, distal portion in the ______ caivty
pelvic
the ureter commences as a dilation call the renal _____, which lies posterior to the renal vessels, and as it descends it lies on the ______ ______ muscle
pelvis
psoas major
it crosses anterior to the bifurcation of the comon iliac artery, courses along the lateral wall of the pelvis, and turns medially to reach the bladder
in the male the ductus (vas) _______ crosses it superiorly
in the female the ______ artery crosses it superiorly
deferens
uterine
clinical: there are three constrictions in the ureters where calculi (stones) may lodge. these are:
- origin
- pelvic brim
- vesico ureteric junction
which part of the bladder do the ureters enter?
posterior aspect in the trigon
from which part of the bladder does the urethra exit?
bottom of the bladder
the apex of the urinary bladder is the site of what? and embryologically what is this a remnant of?
this is the site form which the mediuan umbilical ligament ascends to the umbilicus
allantois
what kind of tissue makes up the walls of the urinary bladder
smooth muscle
what is the bony joint immediately anterior to the urinary bladder
anterior to the pubic symphysis
what may someone with an enlarged bladder reching into the abdominal cavity experience in life?
urinary retention
what kind of epithelium line shte urinary bladder and ureter?
stratified transitional epithelium
what is the advantage of having this kind of epithelium lining these structures?
can contrsct and expand in order to adapt to the degree of distension needed
the ureters are more or less in alignment with the tips of the ________ ________ of the lumbar vertebra
transverse processes
can be helpful in identifying kidney stones
the ureters enter the pelvis by crossing the division of the……………
common iliac artery into the internal and external iliac arteries
