Anatomy of the urinary system

Question 1

urinary systemis a set of connected tubular structures which collectivley function to maintain body homeostasis, this is achieved by…..

Answer 1

regulation of body fluid volume and electrolyte balance by the mechanisms of blood filtration and blood pressure regularion

Question 2

name the component parts of the urinary system and write doen the function of each part next to its name

Answer 2

kindeys - maintains homeostasis by blood filtration

ureter - a tube that carries urine form the kidneys to the bladder

urinary bladder - stores urine

urethra - tube that carries urine form the bladder to outside the body

Question 3

where are the kdineys located?

Answer 3

in paravertebral gutters on the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the vertebral column between vertebra T12-L3

Question 4

the hilus of the kidney (the part on the medial concave border of the kidney through which blood vessels and the ureter enter/leave the substance of the kidney) lies at the level of………

Answer 4

the transpyloric plane

Question 5

at what level is the transpyloric plane?

Answer 5

L1

Question 6

the kidney do not lie at the same vertebral level, why?

Answer 6

right is lower due to the liver

Question 7

whata re the 4 fascial coverings of the kidney?

Answer 7

1. fibrous renal capsule
2. fatyt renal capsule
3. renal fascia - fibro-fatty tissue
4. pararenal fatty tissue - mainly on the posterior aspects of the kidney

Question 8

what is the significance of habing fatty tissue around the kidneys?

Answer 8

for proteciton

Question 9

what are the posterior relations (muscles) of the kidney?

Answer 9

Question 10

the kidney has a close relationship with the diaphragm

what does this tell you about the position of the kidneys during inspirationa dn expiration?

Answer 10

they move with respiration

Question 11

the kidney along with the rest of the urinary system are what

Answer 11

retroperitoneal

Question 12

name 2 parts of the GI tract that are retroperitoneal?

Answer 12

pancreas

ascending colon and descinding colon

Question 13

Question 14

the anterior surface of the kidneys are related to the viscera of the GI

name one to five on the right kidney

Answer 14

1 suprarenal gland

2 liver

3 duodenum

4 colon

5 jejunum

Question 15

the anterior surface of the kidneys are related to the viscera of the GI

name one to six on the left kidney

Answer 15

1 suprarenal gland

2 stomach

3 spleen

4 pancreas

5 area for small bowel

6 left colonic flexure

Question 16

consider the peritonisation of the organs which lie on the kdiney

if the organ is peritonised, the kidney below it will be _________

if the organ is retroperitoneal thent he kdiney below it will not be ________

Answer 16

peritonised

peritonised

Question 17

what is the nevre supply of the kidney?

Answer 17

sympathetic nerves originate in the T12 and L1 spinal segments, pass through the coeliac ganglia and along the renal artery to the organ

parasympathetic nerves are deroved from the vagus nerves

Question 18

what is the lymphatic drainage of the kidneys?

Answer 18

lymph form the kidneys drain to the para-aortic lymph nodes around the origin of the renal arteries (L!1)

Question 19

what is seen here and how does it happen?

Answer 19

duplicated ureter

a congenital condition in which the ureteric bud, the embryological origin of the ureter, splits (or arises twice), resulting in two ureters draining a single kidney. It is the most common renal abnormality, occurring in approximately 1% of the population

Question 20

what is shown here?

Answer 20

horseshoe kidney

Question 21

a

Answer 21

capsule

Question 22

b

Answer 22

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 23

c

Answer 23

renal corpuscle

Question 24

d

Answer 24

distal convoluted tubule

Question 25

e

Answer 25

collecting duct

Question 26

f

Answer 26

loop of henle

Question 27

g

Answer 27

collecting duct

Question 28

h

Answer 28

afferent and efferent arterioles

Question 29

i

Answer 29

glomerular capillaries

Question 30

j

Answer 30

visceral

parietal

Question 31

k

Answer 31

bowmans space

Question 32

what is around the outside edge of the glomerulus?

Answer 32

parietal layer of bowmans capsule

Question 33

bowmans space lies between what layers?

Answer 33

visceral and parietal

Question 34

at what vertebral level are the paired renal arteries given off from the abdominal aorta?

Answer 34

L1-2

Question 35

how does the relationship between the vena cava and the aorta affect renal arteries and veins

Answer 35

the left renal vein travels anterior to the aorta and is relativley long, while the right renal vein travels direct and is relatively short

conversely, the right renal artery travels posterior to the inferior vena cava and is relatively long, while the left renal artery travels directly anf is relatively short

Question 36

identify a vein that travels up form the pelvis to drain into the left renal vein, what is this vien called?

Answer 36

left gonadal vein

the right gonadal vein drains directly into the inferior vena cava

Question 37

the ureter is retroperitoneal, distensible muscular tube that connects the kidney with the _______

Answer 37

bladder

Question 38

the proximal portion lies in the abdominal cavity, distal portion in the ______ caivty

Answer 38

pelvic

Question 39

the ureter commences as a dilation call the renal _____, which lies posterior to the renal vessels, and as it descends it lies on the ______ ______ muscle

Answer 39

pelvis

psoas major

Question 40

it crosses anterior to the bifurcation of the comon iliac artery, courses along the lateral wall of the pelvis, and turns medially to reach the bladder

in the male the ductus (vas) _______ crosses it superiorly

in the female the ______ artery crosses it superiorly

Answer 40

deferens

uterine

Question 41

clinical: there are three constrictions in the ureters where calculi (stones) may lodge. these are:

Answer 41

1. origin
2. pelvic brim
3. vesico ureteric junction

Question 42

which part of the bladder do the ureters enter?

Answer 42

posterior aspect in the trigon

Question 43

from which part of the bladder does the urethra exit?

Answer 43

bottom of the bladder

Question 44

the apex of the urinary bladder is the site of what? and embryologically what is this a remnant of?

Answer 44

this is the site form which the mediuan umbilical ligament ascends to the umbilicus

allantois

Question 45

what kind of tissue makes up the walls of the urinary bladder

Answer 45

smooth muscle

Question 46

what is the bony joint immediately anterior to the urinary bladder

Answer 46

anterior to the pubic symphysis

Question 47

what may someone with an enlarged bladder reching into the abdominal cavity experience in life?

Answer 47

urinary retention

Question 48

what kind of epithelium line shte urinary bladder and ureter?

Answer 48

stratified transitional epithelium

Question 49

what is the advantage of having this kind of epithelium lining these structures?

Answer 49

can contrsct and expand in order to adapt to the degree of distension needed

Question 50

the ureters are more or less in alignment with the tips of the ________ ________ of the lumbar vertebra

Answer 50

transverse processes

can be helpful in identifying kidney stones

Question 51

the ureters enter the pelvis by crossing the division of the……………

Answer 51

common iliac artery into the internal and external iliac arteries