Brain and spinal cord - Week 2 Wet room

Question 1

what kindof fibres pass through the corpus callosum?

Answer 1

commissural fibres

Question 2

what are the 4 parts of the corpus callosum?

Answer 2

rostrum

genu

body

splenium

Question 3

what is the septum pellucidum?

Answer 3

a thin sheet which lies in the mid sagittal plane and separates the anterior horns of the two laterl ventricles

it is continuous superiorly with the corpus callosum and inferiorly with the fonix

it extends posteriorly as far as the interventricular foramen, the connection between the lateral ventricle on each side and the 3rd ventricle

Question 4

what is the fonix?

Answer 4

the fonix is a bundle of fibres which links the hippocampus with the mammillary bodies of the hypothalamuc

Question 5

a

Answer 5

body

Question 6

b

Answer 6

genu

Question 7

c

Answer 7

septuc pellucidum

Question 8

d

Answer 8

rostrum

Question 9

e

Answer 9

fornix

Question 10

f

Answer 10

splenium

Question 11

g

Answer 11

pineal gland

Question 12

h

Answer 12

colliculi/colliculus

Question 13

what are the different parts of each lateral ventricle?

Answer 13

Question 14

what is the bulbous projection on the floor of the lateral ventricle?

Answer 14

caudate nucleus, which is one of the basal nuclei

Question 15

what makes up the diencephalon?

Answer 15

the thalamus

hypothalamus

pineal gland

Question 16

what does the thalamus do?

Answer 16

it is a sensory relay area mde up of smaller masses of gray matter nuclei, each with different functions

most of the general sensory information form the body relays to a nucleus called the ventro-postero-latera (VPL) nucleus of the thalamus

inferior to the thalamus is the hypothalamic sulcus and the hypothalamus

Question 17

list some functions of the hypothalamus

Answer 17

releasing hormones

regulating body temp

maintaining daily physiological cycles

controlling appetite

managing of sexual behaviour

regulating emotional responses

Question 18

what hangs down form the hpyothalamus?

Answer 18

pituitary stalk

Question 19

what is the dural fold immediatley overlying the pituitary gland?

Answer 19

diaphragma sellae

Question 20

where is the pineal gland in relation to the thalamus?

Answer 20

immediatley inferior

Question 21

where are the colliculi (a component of the midbrain) in relation to the pineal gland?

Answer 21

inferior (+ anterior)

Question 22

a

Answer 22

medial longitudinal fissure

Question 23

b

Answer 23

caudate nucleus

Question 24

c

Answer 24

internal capsule

Question 25

d

Answer 25

lentiform nucleus

Question 26

e

Answer 26

thalamus

Question 27

f

Answer 27

third ventricle

Question 28

g

Answer 28

lateral ventricle

Question 29

h

Answer 29

anterior limb

genu

posterior limb

Question 30

what strucutres make up the basal ganglia?

Answer 30

caudate nucleus

lentiform nucleus (putamen and the globus pallidus)

substantia nigra

Question 31

what makes up the internal capsule?

Answer 31

myelinated axons (white matter)

Question 32

what is the name given to fibres that connect the cerebral hemispheres with other parts of the brain?

Answer 32

projection fibres

Question 33

what are the 3 parts of the internal capsule?

Answer 33

anterior limb

genu

posterior limb

Question 34

which cerebral artery through one of its branches supplies the inernal capsule?

Answer 34

middle cerebral artery - lenticulostriate arteries

Question 35

what group of structures is the substantia nigra functionally a part of?

Answer 35

midbrain

Question 36

where would the red nucleus be in relation to the substantia nigra, anterior or posterior to it?

Answer 36

posterior

Question 37

what fibres do the cerebral peduncles contain?

Answer 37

sensory and motor fibres

Question 38

which part of the PONS would motor fibres (of the pyramidal tract) and sensory fibres that form the medial lemniscus occupy?

Answer 38

the middle

Question 39

what fibres or nuclei make up the elevations of the pyramids and olives?

Answer 39

pyramid = corticospinal tract

olive - inferior olivary nuclei

Question 40

what are the 3 sections of the brain?

Answer 40

anterior section - in the coronal plane that passes just anterior to the optic chiasma

middle section - in the coronal plane that passes jsut posterior to the optic chiasma

posterior section - in the coronal plane that passes through the splenium (the posterior part) of the corpus callosum

Question 41

a

Answer 41

cervical

large grey matter and small white matter

Question 42

b

Answer 42

thoracic

smaller overall size

large grey matter

small white matter

Question 43

c

Answer 43

lumbar

large white matter and equal size grey matter

Question 44

d

Answer 44

sacral

very large white matter with little grey matter

remeber that the spinal cord ends at the L2 level in adults, therefore preceding diagram the “sacral” section refers to the part of the spinal cord where sacral spinal nerves emerge

Question 45

which aspect of the spinal cord receives sensory nerve fibres?

Answer 45

dorsal

Question 46

from which aspect of the spinal cord do motor nevre fibres project?

Answer 46

ventral

Question 47

why does the size of the ventral grey horn vary along the spinal cord (most noticeably in cervical and lumbar regions)?

Answer 47

for brachial and lumbar plexus

Question 48

what is hte name of the hole in the middle of the spinal cord and what does it contain?

Answer 48

spinal canal - spinal cord

Question 49

what tract is shown?

Answer 49

spinothalamic tract