Head and Neck Week 2 - dry room Flashcards
a
mental spikes
b
mental tubercle
c
mental foramen
d
body
e
angle
f
mandibular foramen
g
ramus
h
condyle
i
coronoid
j
mandibular notch
What anatomical changes have occured in an edentulous (no teeth) mandible due to bone resorption?
lack of mandibular height - atrophy
change of position of inferior alveolar nerve and artery
loss of teeth sockets - as these are weak areas
lossing bone masses - osteoclasts eating away bone
How many of each type of decidous teeth?
incisor - 8
canines - 4
molars - 8
How many of each type of permanent teeth?
incisor - 8
canines - 4
premolars - 8
molars - 12
What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
synovial hinge type joint
a modified-hinge type of synovial joint made up of the condylar process of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
What are the 2 articular processes that form the TMJ?
mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
condylar process of the mandible
What movements of the mandible occur at the TMJ?
retraction
elevation
protrusion
depression
side to side movements
the muscles of mastication refer to a group of 4 muscles which act on the TMJ during mastication (chewing)
names the muscles of mastication
temporalis
masseter
lateral pterygoid
medial pterygoid
what are the bony attachments of the temporalis muscle?
originates from the temporal fossa
inserts onto the coroid process of the mandible
(notice that the anterior most fibre of the temporalis muscle are nearly vertical while the posteior most ones are nearly horizontal)
What would the actional of the temporalis msucle be on the mandible when:
anterior fibres contract?
posteiror fibres contract?
anterior - elevates mandible closing the mouth
posterior- retracts mandible, pulling the jaw posteriorly
what are the bony attachments of the masseter?
superficial part = maxillary process of the zygomatic bone
deep part = zygomatic arch of the temporal bone
outer surface of the ramus and angular process of the mandible
what are the actions of the masseter?
elevates mandible, closing mouth
where do the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles attach?
both to lateral pterygoid plate
lateral pterygoid msucle attaches to the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate and the medial pterygoid msucle attaches to the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
Where do the pterygoid muscles attach to the mandible?
lateral pterygoid muscle enters into the joint capsule of the TMJ to inset onto the neck of the mandible and also the articular disc of this joint
medial pterygoid muscle attaches to the medial surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible
What are the actions of thr pterygoid muscles?
when both lateral pterygoid msucles contract they cause the mandible to protrude - push jaw forwards
when the lateral pterygoid msucle cintratcs with the medial pterygoid msucle if the same side it causes medial movement (rotation) of the mandible - side to side
when the 2 medial pterygoid msucles contract they cause mandible to elevate and protrude
name the suprahyoid muscles that depress the mandible?
mylohyoid
digastric
geniohyoid
What causes elevation of the mandible?
masseter
temporalis
medial pterygoid
what causes depression of the mandible
mylohoid
digastric
geniohyoid
what causes protrusion of the mandible
lateral pterygoid
what causes retractino of the mandible
temporalis
what causes side to side movement of the mandible
lateral and medial pterygoid
what is the innervation of the muscles of the mastication
branches of mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
what type of innervation does the trigeminal supply?
V1 - purley sensory
V2 - purley sensory
V3 - sensory and motor fibres
V3 emerges from cranial cavity through what
ovale foramen
V3 - in the __________, its motor branches supply the muscles of mastication
intratemporal fossa
what one of V3 sensory branches enters into the mandibular foramen and provides sensory innervation to the mandibular area?
inferior alveolar nerve
the vestibule of oral cavity describes what space
between teeth, lips and cheeks
what is the muscle innervated by the facial nerve that lies in the lateral walls of the oral cavity?
buccinator
what is the msucle of facial expression whose contraction causes closing/pursinf of the lips?
orbicularis orbis
what is the posterior opening of the oral cavity called?
oropharyngeal isthmus
what bones form the hard palate?
palatine bone
maxilla
name the muscles in the soft palate
tensor veli palatini
levator veli palatini
palatolossus
palatopharyngeus
musculus uvulae
what is the nerve supply to the muscles of the soft palate?
pharyngeal geal branch of vagus nerve (CN X) aparty from the tensor veli palatini, which is innervated by the medial pterygoid nerve (branch of V3)
what is the collection action of the soft palate muscles?
tenses, elevated and pulls soft palate towards the tongue, draws pharynx anteriorly when swallowing anf shortens ubular
closes nasal cavity when swallowing
what are the boundaries of the oropharynx?
anterior boundaries are right and left palatoglossal arches (anterior pillars of the fauces) and it extends form the uvular of the soft palate above to the tip of the epiglottis below
what is the most important contents of the oropharynx?
palatine tonsils situated in the lateral wall on either side
what structure lies between the folds of the mucosa overlying the palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus?
palatine tonsiles
what type of cellular tissue makes up the palatine tonsils?
lyphoid tissue
study this image
whata re the functions of the tongue?
moving food during chewing
taste buds
helps in swallowing food
speech
the tongue is divided into an anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 by a V shaped sulcus called what?
terminal sulcus
what is the embryological significance of the foramen caecum?
opening of thyroglossal duct into the tongue
The foramen caecum represents a primitive tract between the anterior cranial fossa and the nasal space. It is located along the anterior cranial fossa, anterior to the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and posterior to the frontal bone, within the frontoethm
the anteiror 1/3 of the dorsal surface of the tongue has surface projections of the mucous membrane that make it rough. These are called papillae, what are the 3 types?
filiform
fungiform
circumvallate/vallate
what types of papillae are taste buds present in?
present in all except filiform type
the dorsal surface of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue has surface elevations produced by submucosal lymphoid tissue collection, what is this called?
lingual tonsils
the inferior surface of the tongue is covered by smooth mucous membrane. Name the fold of mucous membrane that fixes the tongue to the floor of the mouth?
lingual frenulum
what provies general sensory innervation (touch, pain, temperature) to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
(lingual nerve)
what provies general sensory innervation (touch, pain, temperature) to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve
what provies taste sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve
what provies taste sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve
what are the 2 types of muscles of the tongue?
intrinsic muscles that originate and inset within the tongue
extrinsic muscles that attach form the tongue to surrounding bones or soft palate
on a sagittal section of the tongue which specific area are the intrinsic muscles fibres mainly concentrated?
superior part - most in top few 2cm of the tongue
compared to extrinsic fibres which change the position of the tongue, what do instrinsic msucle fibres collectively do?
alter the shape of the tongue
what is the name of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
genioglossus
hyoglossus
styologlossus
palatoglossus
what is the attachment of the genioglossus?
inner surface of the mandible close to the midline
what is the attachment of the hyoglossus?
upper border of body of hyoid
what is the attachment of the styloglossus?
originates at styloid process and inserts into the side of the tongue
what is the attachment of the palatoglossus?
soft palate
what is the action of the genioglossus?
protrudes tongue to opposite side
what is the action of the hyooglossus?
depresses and retracts
what is the action of the styloglossus?
retracts and elevates
what is the action of the palatoglossus?
actually a palatal muscle and helps to narrow oropharynx in swallowing
when the nerve innervating the right genioglossus is damaged, (resulting in muscle paralysis), which direction would you expect the patients tongue to deviate if you ask them to protrude their tongue?
right
what innevrated the muscles of the tongue?
the hyoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII) innervates all the muscles (intrinsic and extrinsic) of the tongue except one which is the palatoglossus which is innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X)
name the 3 larged paired salivary glands
parotid
submandibular
sublingual
what muscle seperates the 2 parts of the submandibular gland?
mylohyoid
where in relation to the floor of the mouth do the 2 parts of the submandibular gland lie?
inferior posterior
name the artery that grooves the under surface if the submandibular salivary gland?
facial
where does the sublingual salivary duct open?
summit of small papilla at the side of the frenulum of the tongue
what cranial nerve provides parasympathetic innervation which is secretomotor to the parotid salivary gland?
glossopharyngeal nerve
what cranial nerve provides parasympathetic innervation which is secretomotor to the submandibular salivary gland?
facial nerve (chorda tympani)
what cranial nerve provides parasympathetic innervation which is secretomotor to the sublingual salivary gland?
facial nerve (chorda tympani)
