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Anatomy Year 2 - Robbie > Head and Neck Week 2 - dry room > Flashcards

Head and Neck Week 2 - dry room Flashcards

1
Q

a

A

mental spikes

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2
Q

b

A

mental tubercle

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3
Q

c

A

mental foramen

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4
Q

d

A

body

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5
Q

e

A

angle

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6
Q

f

A

mandibular foramen

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7
Q

g

A

ramus

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8
Q

h

A

condyle

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9
Q

i

A

coronoid

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10
Q

j

A

mandibular notch

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11
Q

What anatomical changes have occured in an edentulous (no teeth) mandible due to bone resorption?

A

lack of mandibular height - atrophy

change of position of inferior alveolar nerve and artery

loss of teeth sockets - as these are weak areas

lossing bone masses - osteoclasts eating away bone

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12
Q

How many of each type of decidous teeth?

A

incisor - 8

canines - 4

molars - 8

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13
Q

How many of each type of permanent teeth?

A

incisor - 8

canines - 4

premolars - 8

molars - 12

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14
Q

What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

A

synovial hinge type joint

a modified-hinge type of synovial joint made up of the condylar process of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

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15
Q

What are the 2 articular processes that form the TMJ?

A

mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

condylar process of the mandible

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16
Q

What movements of the mandible occur at the TMJ?

A

retraction

elevation

protrusion

depression

side to side movements

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17
Q

the muscles of mastication refer to a group of 4 muscles which act on the TMJ during mastication (chewing)

names the muscles of mastication

A

temporalis

masseter

lateral pterygoid

medial pterygoid

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18
Q

what are the bony attachments of the temporalis muscle?

A

originates from the temporal fossa

inserts onto the coroid process of the mandible

(notice that the anterior most fibre of the temporalis muscle are nearly vertical while the posteior most ones are nearly horizontal)

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19
Q

What would the actional of the temporalis msucle be on the mandible when:

anterior fibres contract?

posteiror fibres contract?

A

anterior - elevates mandible closing the mouth

posterior- retracts mandible, pulling the jaw posteriorly

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20
Q

what are the bony attachments of the masseter?

A

superficial part = maxillary process of the zygomatic bone

deep part = zygomatic arch of the temporal bone

outer surface of the ramus and angular process of the mandible

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21
Q

what are the actions of the masseter?

A

elevates mandible, closing mouth

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22
Q

where do the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles attach?

A

both to lateral pterygoid plate

lateral pterygoid msucle attaches to the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate and the medial pterygoid msucle attaches to the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

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23
Q

Where do the pterygoid muscles attach to the mandible?

A

lateral pterygoid muscle enters into the joint capsule of the TMJ to inset onto the neck of the mandible and also the articular disc of this joint

medial pterygoid muscle attaches to the medial surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible

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24
Q

What are the actions of thr pterygoid muscles?

A

when both lateral pterygoid msucles contract they cause the mandible to protrude - push jaw forwards

when the lateral pterygoid msucle cintratcs with the medial pterygoid msucle if the same side it causes medial movement (rotation) of the mandible - side to side

when the 2 medial pterygoid msucles contract they cause mandible to elevate and protrude

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25
Q

name the suprahyoid muscles that depress the mandible?

A

mylohyoid

digastric

geniohyoid

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26
Q

What causes elevation of the mandible?

A

masseter

temporalis

medial pterygoid

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27
Q

what causes depression of the mandible

A

mylohoid

digastric

geniohyoid

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28
Q

what causes protrusion of the mandible

A

lateral pterygoid

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29
Q

what causes retractino of the mandible

A

temporalis

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30
Q

what causes side to side movement of the mandible

A

lateral and medial pterygoid

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31
Q

what is the innervation of the muscles of the mastication

A

branches of mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

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32
Q

what type of innervation does the trigeminal supply?

A

V1 - purley sensory

V2 - purley sensory

V3 - sensory and motor fibres

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33
Q

V3 emerges from cranial cavity through what

A

ovale foramen

34
Q

V3 - in the __________, its motor branches supply the muscles of mastication

A

intratemporal fossa

35
Q

what one of V3 sensory branches enters into the mandibular foramen and provides sensory innervation to the mandibular area?

A

inferior alveolar nerve

36
Q

the vestibule of oral cavity describes what space

A

between teeth, lips and cheeks

37
Q

what is the muscle innervated by the facial nerve that lies in the lateral walls of the oral cavity?

A

buccinator

38
Q

what is the msucle of facial expression whose contraction causes closing/pursinf of the lips?

A

orbicularis orbis

39
Q

what is the posterior opening of the oral cavity called?

A

oropharyngeal isthmus

40
Q

what bones form the hard palate?

A

palatine bone

maxilla

41
Q

name the muscles in the soft palate

A

tensor veli palatini

levator veli palatini

palatolossus

palatopharyngeus

musculus uvulae

42
Q

what is the nerve supply to the muscles of the soft palate?

A

pharyngeal geal branch of vagus nerve (CN X) aparty from the tensor veli palatini, which is innervated by the medial pterygoid nerve (branch of V3)

43
Q

what is the collection action of the soft palate muscles?

A

tenses, elevated and pulls soft palate towards the tongue, draws pharynx anteriorly when swallowing anf shortens ubular

closes nasal cavity when swallowing

44
Q

what are the boundaries of the oropharynx?

A

anterior boundaries are right and left palatoglossal arches (anterior pillars of the fauces) and it extends form the uvular of the soft palate above to the tip of the epiglottis below

45
Q

what is the most important contents of the oropharynx?

A

palatine tonsils situated in the lateral wall on either side

46
Q

what structure lies between the folds of the mucosa overlying the palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus?

A

palatine tonsiles

47
Q

what type of cellular tissue makes up the palatine tonsils?

A

lyphoid tissue

48
Q

study this image

A
49
Q

whata re the functions of the tongue?

A

moving food during chewing

taste buds

helps in swallowing food

speech

50
Q

the tongue is divided into an anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 by a V shaped sulcus called what?

A

terminal sulcus

51
Q

what is the embryological significance of the foramen caecum?

A

opening of thyroglossal duct into the tongue

The foramen caecum represents a primitive tract between the anterior cranial fossa and the nasal space. It is located along the anterior cranial fossa, anterior to the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and posterior to the frontal bone, within the frontoethm

52
Q

the anteiror 1/3 of the dorsal surface of the tongue has surface projections of the mucous membrane that make it rough. These are called papillae, what are the 3 types?

A

filiform

fungiform

circumvallate/vallate

53
Q

what types of papillae are taste buds present in?

A

present in all except filiform type

54
Q

the dorsal surface of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue has surface elevations produced by submucosal lymphoid tissue collection, what is this called?

A

lingual tonsils

55
Q

the inferior surface of the tongue is covered by smooth mucous membrane. Name the fold of mucous membrane that fixes the tongue to the floor of the mouth?

A

lingual frenulum

56
Q

what provies general sensory innervation (touch, pain, temperature) to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

(lingual nerve)

57
Q

what provies general sensory innervation (touch, pain, temperature) to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve

58
Q

what provies taste sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve

59
Q

what provies taste sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve

60
Q

what are the 2 types of muscles of the tongue?

A

intrinsic muscles that originate and inset within the tongue

extrinsic muscles that attach form the tongue to surrounding bones or soft palate

61
Q

on a sagittal section of the tongue which specific area are the intrinsic muscles fibres mainly concentrated?

A

superior part - most in top few 2cm of the tongue

62
Q

compared to extrinsic fibres which change the position of the tongue, what do instrinsic msucle fibres collectively do?

A

alter the shape of the tongue

63
Q

what is the name of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

genioglossus

hyoglossus

styologlossus

palatoglossus

64
Q

what is the attachment of the genioglossus?

A

inner surface of the mandible close to the midline

65
Q

what is the attachment of the hyoglossus?

A

upper border of body of hyoid

66
Q

what is the attachment of the styloglossus?

A

originates at styloid process and inserts into the side of the tongue

67
Q

what is the attachment of the palatoglossus?

A

soft palate

68
Q

what is the action of the genioglossus?

A

protrudes tongue to opposite side

69
Q

what is the action of the hyooglossus?

A

depresses and retracts

70
Q

what is the action of the styloglossus?

A

retracts and elevates

71
Q

what is the action of the palatoglossus?

A

actually a palatal muscle and helps to narrow oropharynx in swallowing

72
Q

when the nerve innervating the right genioglossus is damaged, (resulting in muscle paralysis), which direction would you expect the patients tongue to deviate if you ask them to protrude their tongue?

A

right

73
Q

what innevrated the muscles of the tongue?

A

the hyoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII) innervates all the muscles (intrinsic and extrinsic) of the tongue except one which is the palatoglossus which is innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X)

74
Q

name the 3 larged paired salivary glands

A

parotid

submandibular

sublingual

75
Q

what muscle seperates the 2 parts of the submandibular gland?

A

mylohyoid

76
Q

where in relation to the floor of the mouth do the 2 parts of the submandibular gland lie?

A

inferior posterior

77
Q

name the artery that grooves the under surface if the submandibular salivary gland?

A

facial

78
Q

where does the sublingual salivary duct open?

A

summit of small papilla at the side of the frenulum of the tongue

79
Q

what cranial nerve provides parasympathetic innervation which is secretomotor to the parotid salivary gland?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

80
Q

what cranial nerve provides parasympathetic innervation which is secretomotor to the submandibular salivary gland?

A

facial nerve (chorda tympani)

81
Q

what cranial nerve provides parasympathetic innervation which is secretomotor to the sublingual salivary gland?

A

facial nerve (chorda tympani)

Anatomy Year 2 - Robbie (17 decks)

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