GI class - week 4 dry lab Flashcards
the spleen is a ________ organ connected to the blood vascular system. it acts as a filter for blood and plays an important role in the _______ response of the body
lymphoid
immune
how is the spleen peritonised?
intraperitoneal
in which region of the abdominal cavity is the spleen located?
left hypochondrium and lumbar/left upper quadrant
does the psleen move with respiration?
yes - descends on inspiration
name structures in the hilum of the spleen
splenich artery
splenich vein
lymphatic vessels
the tail of which organ is closely related to the hilum of the spleen?
pancreas
is the spleen prone to injury?
the spleen is prone to injurty due to its location
removal of the spleen (splenectomy) can save the patients life after injurty
the surgeon must take care not to damage the ___________ while removing the spleen
pancreas (tail)
what are the functions of the spleen
- storage of RBCs
- filtration
- storage of platelets and white bloodc ells
- phagocytosis
- the active immune response to infection
the pancreas is partly ______ and partly ______
endocrine
exocrine
exocrine part secretes the digerstive juice
endocrine part secretes hormones
how is the pancreas related to the duodenum?
the pancreatic duct joins the pancreas to the common bile duct which flow into the duodenum
hwo si the pancreas peritonised?
retroperitoneal
which vein is formed posterior to the neck of the pancreas?
hepatic portal vein
into which part of the duodenum does the pancreatic duct open?
the second part
the close relationships of the pancreas and its location in the abdominal cavity contribute to the intractable nature of _______ of this organ
cancers
the liver is a large gland situated in the _____ upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity
in the living subject, the liver is brown in colour, soft in consistency, anf very friable
right
round ligament of the liver (also called as ligamentum teres) is a remnant of which embryological structre?
(left) umbilical vein
what are the two lobes on the posterior side of the liver and what other sturcutres are present on the back of the liver?
what is the bare area of the liver bare of?
peritoneal covering
name 3 structure spresent in the porta hepatis
hepatic portal vein
hepatic artery
common bile ducts
what fold of peritoneum is wrapped around these 3 structures?
lesser omentum
the extraheptic biliary apparatus consists of what?
right and left hepatic ducts
common hepatic duct
gall bladder
cystic duct
common bile duct
where is bile produced?
liver
where is bile stored?
gallbladder
where does bile enter the gut tube?
through the sphincter of oddi into the duodenum
whats it he function of bile
digesting and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins
what is Calots cystohepatic triangle?
trig=angular space formed by cystic duct, common hepaitc duct snd inferior surface of the liver
the triangle contains cystic artery
during removal of the gall bladder (cholecystectomy) care should be taken not to damage the structures in and around the triangle
what are the major histological features of the pancreas?
islets of langerhans composed of clumps of small poorly stained cells
pure serous acini composed of large storngly stained cells
small lobules surrounder by connective tissue septa
what are the main histological features of the liver?
cells are arranged in sheets and converging towards the centre (cnetal vein)
st the corner of the lobule connective tissue encloses 2-3 portal areas which contal blodo vessels and ducts (portla triad)
what makes up the portal triad?
consists of branches of the hepatic artery proper, hepatic portal vein and bile ducts, as well as other structures
decsribe the histology of the spleen
spleen in covered by a dense fibromuscular capsule formed of collagen and elastic fibres with scattered smooth muscle
branching trabeculae radiate inside the spleen
the parenchyma of the spleen in called pulp
you have red pulp and white pulp
what is the main content of white pulp and red pulp?
WP - lymphatic tissue that mainly consists of lymphocytes - band T cells
RP - venous sinuses and splenic cords (rich in macrophages)
which costal cartilage is the surface marking of the gall bladder?
9th
does the liver move with respiration?
yes
which ribs relate to the spleen?
9th-11th
which abdominal plane crosses the pancreas? which part of the pancreas it passes through?
transpyloric
neck
what type of radiological procedure is showing?
abdominal angiogram
what type of radiological procedure is showing?
intravenous pylogram
whata re the 3 branches of the coeliac trunk?
left gastric artery
splenich artery
hepatic artery
study the following image
