Head and Neck Embryology GBA

Question 1

2nd Pharyngeal Pouch (Endoderm):

Answer 1

2nd Pharyngeal Pouch (Endoderm):

Palatine Tonsil Epithelium

Question 2

3rd Pharyngeal Pouch (Endoderm):

Answer 2

3rd Pharyngeal Pouch (Endoderm):
Inferior Parathyroid Glands
Thymus

Question 3

Lateral Nasal Prominence

Answer 3

Alae of the Nose

Question 4

2nd Pharyngeal Arch (Mesoderm+NC Cells):
Artery, Cartilage, Bones, Muscles and Nerve
(Nerve is only associated and comes from Ectoderm)

Answer 4

2nd Pharyngeal Arch:
Artery - Stapedial 
Cartilage - Reichert's
Bones - Hyoid (Upper), Styloid, Stapes
Muscles  - Mimatic, Stylohyoid, Posterior Digastric Belly, Stapedius
Nerve - Facial VII

Question 5

3rd Pharyngeal Arch (Mesoderm+NC Cells):
Artery, Cartilage, Bones, Muscles and Nerve
(Nerve is only associated and comes from Ectoderm)

Answer 5

3rd Pharyngeal Arch:
Artery - Common Carotid
Cartilage - None..
Bones - Hyoid (Lower)
Muscles  - Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor
Nerve - Glossopharyngeal IX

Question 6

Medial Nasal Prominence

Answer 6

Nasal septum
Ethmoid
Cribriform Plate
Philtrum

Question 7

Nasolacrimal duct is formed..

Answer 7

Nasolacrimal duct is formed from the groove between Nasal placode and Maxillary Prominence

Question 8

Mandible Prominence Derivatives:

Answer 8

Mandible + Squamous part of Temporal Bone

Lower Lip and Cheek

Question 9

Maxillary Prominence Derivatives:

Answer 9

Maxilla, Part of Vomer, Zygomatic Bone

Upper Lip and Cheek

Question 10

Where will the Developing Eye come from? (Physically)

Answer 10

from the LATERAL aspect of developing face.

Lens Placode

Question 11

6th Pharyngeal Arch (Mesoderm+NC Cells):
Artery, Cartilage, Bones, Muscles and Nerve
(Nerve is only associated and comes from Ectoderm)

Answer 11

6th Pharyngeal Arch:
Artery - Pulmonary Arteries
Cartilage - Cricoid Cartilage
Bones - None..
Muscles  - Middle and Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor, Laryngeal Muscles.
Nerve - Vagus X + Accessory XI

Question 12

1st Pharyngeal Cleft (Ectoderm):

Structures Formed

Answer 12

1st Pharyngeal Clefts (Ectoderm):

External Acoustic Meatus - Epithelium+Tympanic Membrane.

Question 13

2nd-4th Pharyngeal Clefts (Ectoderm):

Structures Formed

Answer 13

2nd-4th Pharyngeal Clefts (Ectoderm):

Cervical Sinus

Question 14

Secondary Palate formation

Answer 14

two palate shelves from lateral edges of the developing oral cavity

Question 15

4th Pharyngeal Pouch (Endoderm):

Answer 15

4th Pharyngeal Pouch (Endoderm):

Superior Parathyroid Glands

Question 16

1st Pharyngeal Pouch (Endoderm):

Answer 16

1st Pharyngeal Pouch (Endoderm):

Auditory Tube, Tympanic Cavity - Epithelium

Question 17

Facial Development time point

Answer 17

4th to 5th week

Question 18

Name of the Primordial Mouth:

what is unique about it?

Answer 18

Stomodeum

Just like the Proctodeum it is a “sticky” adhesion of Endoderm and Ectoderm

Question 19

What covers the Stomodeum in early Facial Development?

Answer 19

Buccopharyngeal Membrane

Question 20

5th Pharyngeal Pouch (Endoderm):

Answer 20

5th Pharyngeal Pouch (Endoderm):
Thyroid Gland - C-Cells
Ultimobranchial Body

Question 21

1st Pharyngeal Arch (Mesoderm+NC Cells):
Artery, Cartilage, Bones, Muscles and Nerve
(Nerve is only associated and comes from Ectoderm)

Answer 21

1st Pharyngeal Arch:
Artery - Maxillary
Cartilage - Meckel’s
Bones - Mandible, Maxilla (Partly), Malleus and Incus (other Viscerocranium Bones)
Muscles - Mastications, Tensor Tympani, Tensor Veli Palatini, Mylohyoid, Anterior Digastric Belly.
Nerve - Trigeminal-Mandibular V3

Question 22

4th Pharyngeal Arch (Mesoderm+NC Cells):
Artery, Cartilage, Bones, Muscles and Nerve
(Nerve is only associated and comes from Ectoderm)

Answer 22

4th Pharyngeal Arch:
Artery - Aortic Arch
Cartilage - Thyroid Cartilage
Bones - None..
Muscles  - Middle and Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor, Laryngeal Muscles.
Nerve - Vagus X + Accessory XI