Cranial Nerves and Special Senses GBA Flashcards
Nuclei Associated with CNVIII:
Give their Position and Type as well.
Anterior and Posterior Cochlear Nuclei - M. Oblongata
I+S+M+L Vestibular Nuclei - Pons, Mesencephalon and M. Oblongata
These are all (the only) Special Somatic Sensory
Nuclei Associated with CNIV:
Give their Position and Type as well.
Trochlear Nucleus - Somatomotor
Dorsomedial Mesencephalon
Which Reflexes are associated with the Trigeminal Nerve?
Corneal Reflex - Together with Facial (Motor), through Nasocilliary blinking is regulated.
Masseteric Reflex - Mandibular Nerve, Monosynaptic, Proprioceptive Reflex. Mesencephalic and Trigeminal Motor nuclei.
Nuclei Associated with CNX:
Give their Position and Type as well.
- Ambiguous Nucleus - Pons - Branchiomotor (SVM)
- Lateral Ala Cinerea Nucleus - Medulla Oblongata General Viscerosensory (Baro+Chemoreceptros)
- Medial Ala Cinerea Nucleus (aka Dorsal Vagal Nucelus): Medulla Oblongata, General Visceromotor (Parasym)
- Solitary Tract Nucleus - Pons and Medulla Oblongata Special Vicerosensory (Taste)
CN IX- Glossopharyngeal Nerve:
Brain, Dural and Skull exits.
Motor/Sensory/Mixed/False.
Skull Exit - Jugular Foramen.
Dural Exit - Jugular Foramen.
Brain Exit - Lateral Paraolivary Sulcus.
It is a Mixed Nerve.
Visual System Pathway:
1st, 2nd and 3rd Order Neurons and Cortical Area
Visual System Pathway:
1st and 2nd - Temporal or Nasal Retina- Rods/Cons + Ganglionic Layer Cells.
(Nasal Retina Recieve Temporal Eye Field)
(Optic Chaism Nasal Retina Fibers Cross)
3rd - LGB
4th - A) Visual Cortex Br17,18,19 B)Superior Collicolus
(SCN, Pulvinar, Pretectal and R. Formation are also possible)
CN IV- Trochlear:
Branches and Innervated Structures
Innervating ONLY Superior Oblique Muscle.
CN VII- Facial:
Brain, Dural and Skull exits.
Motor/Sensory/Mixed/False.
Skull Exit - Internal Acoustic Meatus to Stylomastoid Foramen.
Dural Exit - Internal Acoustic Meatus.
Brain Exit - Pontocerebellar Junction.
It is a Mixed Nerve.
CN IX- Glossopharyngeal Nerve:
Branches and Innervated Structures
1)Tympanic Nerve– Mucosa of Tympanic cavity, Eustachian tube,
External Acoustic Meatus and Tympanic membrane (Vagal Com)
(Becomes Lesser Petrosal Nerve after Tympanic plexus)
2) Hering Nerve– Baroreceptors from Carotid Sinus and Chemoreceptors From Carotid Body.
3) Pharyngeal Branch– Oropharynx Mucosa
4) Tonsillar Branch– Tonsillar Fossa Mucosa
5) Lingual Branch– Taste and General Sensation from Posterior 1/3 .
Motor Branches – Stylopharyngeus, Superior and Upper Half of Middle Constrictors Muscles
CN XII - Hypoglossal Nerve:
Brain, Dural and Skull exits.
Motor/Sensory/Mixed/False.
Skull Exit - Hypoglossal Canal.
Dural Exit - Hypoglossal Canal.
Brain Exit - Medial Paraolivary Sulcus.
It is a Motor Nerve.
Spiral ganglion:
Position, Type, Cell Type, Cranial Nerve
Spiral ganglion:
Position - Cochlea
Type - Special Somatosensory (Cochlear)
Cell Type - Bipolar
CNVIII
Nuclei Associated with CNIII:
Give their Position and Type as well.
1) Oculomotor Nucleus
Somatomotor
Dorsomedial Mesencephalon
2)Edinger Westfal (Accessory Oculomotor)
General Visceromotor
Mesencephalon
Which Ganglion is Located at the Level of Atlas?
Type, Cranial Nerve
Inferior Vagal (Nodose) Ganglion
GI, Thorax Organs, Auricular : SVS,GVS,GSS
CN V1 - Trigeminal Ophthalmic:
Brain, Dural and Skull exits.
Motor/Sensory/Mixed/False.
Skull Exit - Superior Orbital fissure .
Dural Exit - Cavernous Sinus.
Brain Exit - Anterior Pons.
It is a Sensory Nerve.
Which Reflexes are associated with the Oculomotor Nerve?
Pupillary Reflex - Carrying fibers from Edinger Westphal Nucleus. Pupil Dilator/Sphinctor are activated in response to Optic Stimulus.
CN I - Olfactory:
Brain, Dural and Skull exits.
Motor/Sensory/Mixed/False.
CN I - Olfactory:
Brain Exit -Olfactory Trigone
Dural Exit - Cribriform Plate
Skull Exit - Cribriform Plate
False Cranial Nerve since it is an Extension of the Brain.
Trigeminal ganglion (Gassrian):
Position, Type, Cell Type
Trigeminal ganglion (Gassrian):
Position - Meckel’s Cave
Type - General Somatosensory (Epicritic and Protopathic)
Cell Type - Pseudounipolar
Nuclei Associated with CNXII:
Give their Position and Type as well.
Hypoglossal Nucleus - Medulla Oblongata, Somatomotor
Geniculate ganglion:
Position, Type, Cell Type, Cranial Nerve
Geniculate ganglion:
Position - Facial Canal
Type - Special viscerosensory (Chorda Tympani)
Cell Type -Pseudounipolar
CNVII
CN VIII- Vestibulocochlear nerve:
Ganglia and Neurons type
Brain, Dural and Skull exits.
Motor/Sensory/Mixed/False.
- *Spiral ganglion** – Cochlear Information (SSS) – Bipolar Cells
- *Scrapa’s ganglion** – Vestibular Information (SSS) - Bipolar Cells.
Skull Exit - Internal Acoustic Meatus.
Dural Exit - Internal Acoustic Meatus.
Brain Exit - Pontocerebellar Junction.
It is a Sensory Nerve.
CN V2 - Trigeminal Maxillary:
Brain, Dural and Skull exits.
Motor/Sensory/Mixed/False.
Skull Exit - Foramen Rotundom to Pterygomaxillary Fissure.
Dural Exit - Cavernous Sinus.
Brain Exit - Anterior Pons.
It is a Sensory Nerve.
CN X- Vagus Nerve:
Branches and Innervated Structures
1)Meningeal Branch– Posterior Dura matter
2) Auricular Branch– External Acoustic Meatus and Tympanic
membrane (Glossopharyngeal Communication)
3) Pharyngeal Branch– Mucosa of lower Pharynx, Epiglottis, Taste of Epiglottis, Motor of Soft Palate and Pharyngeal Muscles:
Inferior and Lower Half of Middle Constrictors, Palatopharyngeus,
Salpingopharyngeus, Palatoglossus, Levator veli palatini.
4) Laryngeal Branches:
Superior Laryngeal: Mucosa of Lower Larynx (Above Vocal Cords) + Cricothyroid Muscle
Recurrent Laryngeal: -Mucosa Sensation to Vocal Cords + All Intrinsic Muscles of Larynx
Parasympathetic Activity – Whole Body Viscera down to Cannon Bonham Point : Left Colic Flexure
CN V3 - Trigeminal Mandibular:
Brain, Dural and Skull exits.
Motor/Sensory/Mixed/False.
Skull Exit - Foramen Ovale.
Dural Exit - Foramen Ovale.
Brain Exit - Anterior Pons.
It is a Mixed Nerve.
Bonus Papez Cicuit Pathway
Hippocampal formation → fornix → mammillary bodies → mammillothalamic tract → anterior thalamic nucleus → cingulum → entorhinal cortex → hippocampal formation.
CN XI - Accessory Nerve:
Branches and Innerveted structures
Internal Branch– Interarythenoid Muscles
External Branch – Sternocleidomastoid and
Trapezius Muscles
CN IV- Trochlear: Brain, Dural and Skull exits.
Motor/Sensory/Mixed/False.
Skull Exit - Superior Orbital fissure (NOT in Common Tendon ring).
Dural Exit - Cavernous Sinus.
Brain Exit - Frenulum of superior medullary velum.
It is a Motor Nerve.
CN III –Oculomotor: Brain, Dural and Skull exits.
Motor/Sensory/Mixed/False.
Skull Exit - Superior Orbital fissure (In Common Tendon ring).
Dural Exit - Cavernous Sinus.
Brain Exit - Interpeducluar Fossa.
It is a Motor Nerve.
CN V2 - Trigeminal Maxillary:
Branches and Innervated Structures
1)Greater Palatine – Posterior Hard Palate Mucosa
2)Nasopalatine (from Sphenopalatine foramen) – Anterior Hard Palate
Mucosa
3) Posterior Nasal – Posterior and Inferior Nasal Cavity Mucosa
• Exiting from Inferior Orbital Fissure :
4) Zygomatic– Skin of Cheek bone and Lateral to Orbit
5)Infraorbital Nerve– Lower Eyelid to Upper lip
From Infraorbital –> 6)Superior Alveolar (Pterygomaxillary Fissure)
Upper teeth, Maxillary Sinus
Which Ganglion is Located in the Fossula Petrosa?
Type, Cranial Nerve
Inferior Glossopharyngeal (Petrous) Ganglion
Carotid(Hering Nerve), Pharyngeal and Lingual
Branches - GVS, GSS, SVS
Superior Glossopharyngeal Ganglion is considered as part of it.
Olfactory System Pathway:
1st, 2nd and 3rd Order Neurons and Cortical Area
Olfactory System Pathway:
1st - Neuroepithelial Receptor Cells (Bipolar)
2nd - Olfactory Bulb (Mitral Cells)
3rd - Three Options:
A) Anterior Olfactory Nucelus
B) L. Olfactory Stria to Uncus and Prepiriform Area (Br28)
C)M. Olfactory Stria to Stria Medularis Thalami to :
Hubenular/Hypothalamic/STN/Dorsal Vagal Nuclei
Auditory System Pathway:
1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Order Neurons and Cortical Area
Auditory System Pathway:
1st - Bipolar Cells of Spiral Ganglion
2nd - Cochlear Nucleus (Ant/Post)
(Trapazoid Body Crossing)
3rd - Superior Olive
4th - Inferior Collicolus or MGB
Cortex - Superior Temporal Gyrus (Heshel’s ) Br41,42
(Supramarginal)
CN V1 - Trigeminal Ophthalmic:
Branches and Innervated Structures
1)Lacrimal - Skin of lateral corner of the eye
2)Ramus Tentorium – also for cavernous and rectus sinuses
3)Frontal :Supratrochlear - Medial part of upper eyelid, Glabella, Root of nose
4)Frontal :Supraorbital - Conjunctiva, Upper eyelid, Forehead/scalp, Frontal Sinus
5)Nasocilliary - Sphenoidal sinus and Post. Ethmoidal air cells. Skin of Nose Dorsum + Root + Tip, Eyelids, Medial corner of eye. Ant part of Dura ,Ant/Sup Nasal Mucosa (In Common Tendon ring)
• Long ciliary branches – Sensory Innervation in Eye Ball
Nuclei Associated with CNXI:
Give their Position and Type as well.
- Ambiguous Nucleus - Pons - Branchiomotor (SVM)
- C1-C6 Motor Neurons (Spinal root)
Nuclei Associated with CNVII:
Give their Position and Type as well.
Facial Nucleus - Pons Ventrolateral- Branchiomotor (SVM)
Superior Salivatory Nucleus - Pons General Visceromotor (Parasympathetic)
Solitary Tract Nucleus - Pons and Medulla Oblongata Special Vicerosensory (Taste)
CN VI- Abducent:
Branches and Innervated Structures
Innervating ONLY Lateral Rectus
Muscle.
Gustatory System Pathway:
1st, 2nd and 3rd Order Neurons and Cortical Area
Gustatory System Pathway:
1st - Geniculate, Inferior Ganglion of Vagus or Glossopharyngeal.
2nd - Tractus Soliterius Nucleus or Oval Nucelus
3rd - VPM
Cortex - Br 43 Inferior Postcentral Gyrus and Insula
CN V3 - Trigeminal Mandibular:
Branches and Innervated Structures
1)Buccal – Cheek Skin near Angle of Mouth and its Mucosa
2)Meningeal– Posterior Middle Dura
3) Inferior Alveolar to Mental Nerve– Lower Teeth, Lower Lip to Chin
Nerve to Mylohyoid Muscle, also for Anterior Digastric
4) Auriculotemporal -Skin of temple and Scalp, Tympanic membrane
and Auricle of Ear.
5)Lingual – General Sensations from Anterior 2/3 of Tongue
6) Individual Muscular Branches:
Main Portion – Tensor Veli Palatini, Tensor Tympani Muscle and
Medial Pterygoid Muscles.
Anterior Portion – Temporalis , Masseter and Lateral
Scrapa’s ganglion :
Position, Type, Cell Type, Cranial Nerve
Scrapa’s ganglion :
Position - Internal Acoustic Meatus
Type - Special Somatosensory (Vestibular)
Cell Type - Bipolar
CNVIII
CN XI - Accessory Nerve:
Brain, Dural and Skull exits.
Motor/Sensory/Mixed/False.
Skull Exit - Jugular Foramen.
Dural Exit - Jugular Foramen.
Brain Exit - Lateral Paraolivary Sulcus.
It is a Mixed Nerve.
Bonus: Papez Circuit Pathway
Hippocampal formation → fornix → mammillary bodies → mammillothalamic tract → anterior thalamic nucleus → cingulum → entorhinal cortex → hippocampal formation.
CN VI- Abducent:
Brain, Dural and Skull exits.
Motor/Sensory/Mixed/False.
Skull Exit - Superior Orbital fissure (In Common Tendon ring)
Dural Exit - Dorello’s Canal in Cavernous Sinus.
Brain Exit - Pontomedullary Junction.
It is a Motor Nerve.
CN II - Optic:
Brain, Dural and Skull exits.
Motor/Sensory/Mixed/False.
CN I - Olfactory:
Brain Exit -Optic Chaism
Dural Exit - Posterior Pole of Eyeball
Skull Exit - Optic Canal (Continues with Meningies)
False Cranial Nerve since it is an Extension of the Brain.
Which Reflexes are associated with the CNVIII Nerve?
Vestibulospinal Reflex
(Using Medial Lonngintudinal Fuciculus)
Vestibulocerebellar Reflex
(Using Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle)
CN X- Vagus Nerve:
Brain, Dural and Skull exits.
Motor/Sensory/Mixed/False.
Skull Exit - Jugular Foramen.
Dural Exit - Jugular Foramen.
Brain Exit - Lateral Paraolivary Sulcus.
It is a Mixed Nerve.
Which Ganglion is Located in the Jugular Foramen?
Type, Cranial Nerve
Superior Vagal (Jugular) Ganglion
Meningeal and Auricular Branches - GSS
CN XII - Hypoglossal Nerve:
Innervated Structures
- *All Intrinsic muscles of the tongue**
- Superior Longitudinal
- Inferior Longitudinal
- Verticalis
- Transversus
- *Extrinsic Muscles of the tongue – Except Palatoglossus (by Vagus)**
- Genioglossus
- Hyoglossus
- Styloglossus
- Supra+Infrahyoid
- Geniohyoid*
- Thyrohyoid*
* These are actually Hijacking Innervations by C1 nerve – Still called Hypoglossal!
CN VII- Facial:
Branches and Innervated Structures
1)Greater Petrosal – Lachrymal, Nasal, Hard and Soft Palate Glands
2)Auricular– External Acoustic Meatus and Tympanic membrane
3) Chorda Tympani – Taste Sensation for Anterior 2/3 of Tongue Parasympathetic Preganglionic fibers for submandibular and
sublingual salivary glands
Extra Cranial Branches:
4)Parotid Plexus – to Mimatic muscles
- *1.Temporal 2.Zygomatic 3.Buccal 4.Marginal5.Cervical**
5) Post Auricular– Periauricular and Occipital belly of Occipitofrontalis
6) Posterior Digastric, Stepidious and Stylohyoid Muscles
Nuclei Associated with CNIX:
Give their Position and Type as well.
- Ambiguous Nucleus - Pons - Branchiomotor (SVM)
- Inferior Salivatory Nucleus - Medulla Oblongata General Visceromotor (Parasympathetic)
- Lateral Ala Cinerea Nucleus - Medulla Oblongata General Viscerosensory (Baro+Chemoreceptros)
- Solitary Tract Nucleus - Pons and Medulla Oblongata Special Vicerosensory (Taste)
Nuclei Associated with CNV:
Give their Position and Type as well.
- Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus - Laterally (Proprioception - GSS)
- Principle Trigeminal Nucleus - Lateral Pons (Epicritic - GSS)
- Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus - Lateral Medulla Oblongata (Protophathic - GSS)
- Trigeminal Motor Nucleus - Barnchiomotor (SVM)
Ventrolateral Pons
Nuclei Associated with CNVI:
Give their Position and Type as well.
Abducent Nucleus - Pons Dorsomedial - Somatomotor
Which are the Only Cranial Motor Nuclei that are recieving contralateral effernts from Motor Cortex?
Lower Part of Facial and Hypoglossal Nuclei
