HD EOYS3 Flashcards
What % [1] and L/min [1] of O2 would you prescribe a mother with IUGR? [1]
55% at 8L/min
A lag of symphysio-fundal height of how many weeks is suggestive of IUGR?
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
5 weeks
A lag of symphysio-fundal height of how many weeks is suggestive of IUGR?
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
5 weeks
Which disease increases the liklihood the pathology depicted of a neonate? [1]
Respiratory distress syndrome
What birthweight of less than how many grams increases the liklihood of this pathology of a neonate? [1]
> 1500g
A death in second week of life would be classfied as:
Miscarriage
Still born
Early neonate death
Late neonate death
Infant death
A death in second week of life would be classfied as:
Miscarriage
Still born
Early neonate death
Late neonate death
Infant death
A death in day 5 of life would be classfied as:
Miscarriage
Still born
Early neonate death
Late neonate death
Infant death
A death in day 5 of life would be classfied as:
Miscarriage
Still born
Early neonate death: 0-7 days
Late neonate death: 7-28 days
Infant death 29-1yr
This cast of the bronchial tree is formed of inspissated mucus and was coughed up by a patient with what pathology? [1]
Asthma:
The outpouring of mucus from hypertrophied bronchial submucosal glands, the bronchoconstriction, and dehydration all contribute to the formation of mucus plugs that can block airways in asthmatic patients.
What does this arrow depict? [1]
Ghon complex
Which pathogen causes this diease? [1]
TB: ghon complex
Which pathogen cause this histopathological slide
CMV
T. gondii
Parvovirus B19
Listeria
TB
Which pathogen cause this histopathological slide
CMV
T. gondii
Parvovirus B19
The pink intranuclear inclusions in the erythroid precursors seen here are characteristic for parvovirus infection. Parvovirus, or “fifth disease” is a self-limited infection that can produce a “slapped cheek” appearance of a rash in children, and often goes unnoticed in adults. However, pregnant mothers can pass the virus to the fetus, and a severe anemia with fetal hydrops and intrauterine demise can result.
Which pathogen cause this histopathological slide
CMV
T. gondii
Parvovirus B19
Listeria
TB
Which pathogen cause this histopathological slide
CMV
Which pathogen cause this histopathological slide
CMV
T. gondii
Parvovirus B19
Listeria
TB
Which pathogen cause this histopathological slide
T. gondii
Which nucleus is underdeveloped in SIDs? [1]
Arcuate nucleus
What is this pathology?
omphalocele
gastroschisis
bowel atresia
duodenal atresia
What is this pathology?
omphalocele
gastroschisis
bowel atresia
duodenal atresia
Growth rate of normal fetus: Weight gain is:
[] per day at 14-15 weeks of gestation
[] per day at 20 weeks
[] per day at 32-34 weeks
Then growth rate decrease
Weight gain
5g per day at 14-15 weeks of gestation
10g per day at 20 weeks
30-35g per day at 32-34 weeks
Then growth rate decrease
Which maternal mesaurement (height) height approx increases at 1cm per week between 14 and 32 weeks? [1]
How does abdominal girth change after 30 weeks, per week? [1]
Symphysiofundal height increases approx 1cm per week between 14 and 32 weeks
BUT if have polyhydramnios then this would cause inaccurate readings
After 30 weeks - increases by 2.5 cm per week
Explain the pathology behind Type 1 IUGR:
- Is it caused by problem with mother or fetus? [1]
- Is it symmetrical or asymmetrical? [1]
- Between which weeks during pregnancy does it normally occur? [1]
Type 1 IUGR:
- Problem with fetus growth during week 4-20 (when most of mitosis is occuring)
- Everything is symmetrical / normal ration: but all parameters are below 10th percentile for gestational age
What are causes of type 1 IUGR? [4]
Etiology:
* Genetic: associated with trisomy 21, 18 and 13
* Infection (intrinsic to fetus; CMV)
* Multiple gestation
* Environmental toxins: fetal alcohol syndrome
- Explain pathophysiology of Type 2 IUGR [1] Which maternal pathologies is it associated with? [3]
- When does in pregnancy does it usually occur? [1]
- How do neonates appear? [1]
- WHat do neonates have reduced growth in? [2]
- Caused by uteroplacental insufficiency: uterus not providing enough nutrition for fetus. Associated with: maternal HTN / pre-eclampsia; renal disease; vasculapathies
- Growth restriction begins after week 28 in stage of hypertrophy : Fetus has near normal cell number but size reduced
- Asymmetry seen: head sized normal, but redistribution of fetal CO causes reduced abdomen and splachnic growth, whilst brain is spared.
Mothers more at risk of giving birth to a IUGR baby have what wrong with them? [5]
Poor maternal nutrition: Low BMI at conception; Poor maternal weight gain during pregnancy
Pre-eclampsia
Renal disorders
Diseases causing vascular insufficiency
Infections (TORCH)
What measurement would use clinically to diagnosis IUGR? [1]
What is normal growth of ^? [1]
What would indicate IUGR? [1]
What would indicate severe IGR? [1]
Symphysio-fundal height:
- Lag in fundal height of 4 weeks suggestive of IUGR
- Lag of >6 weeks is suggestive of severe IUGR
Using a ultrasound to diagnose IUGR, what would you investigate? [3]
Head circumference
Abdominal circumference (AC) - AC highest sensitivity and greatest predictive value for diagnosis of IUGR
Amntiotic fluid volume
Can assess if type 1 or 2 by assessing differences in head vs abdomen
What complications of IUGR would you expect in antepartum period? [2]
- Increased incidence of still births (52% of unexplained still births – die in utero)
- Oligohydramnios (esp. type 2 - kidneys haven’t formed properly)
What complications of IUGR would you expect in intrapartum period? [2]
Higher incidence of meconium aspiration:: Fetal distress
Intrapartum fetal death
