HChem Chapter 19 Flashcards
Characteristics of bases?
Taste, indicator, rxn with metals, conductivity, feel
Bitter, change in color, no, yes, slipper (soap)
Acids start with __
H
Acid- substance must contain H proton, must be able to produce H in solution through dissociation
Base- contain OH-, produce OH- in solution
Arrhenius
Acid- anything that donates an H+ proton
Base- anything that accepts an H+ proton (NH3)
Bronsted- Lowrey
Acid- electron pair acceptor
Base- electron pair donator
Lewis
What are the 7 strong acids
HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, HClO4, HClO3, H2SO4
What are the 8 strong bases
LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2
Name the following HCl HI HNO4 HClO3 H2SO2 H2CO
Hydrochloric acid Hydroiodic acid Pernitric acid Chloric acid Hyposulfurous Hypocarbonous
If you’re finding the ph of something with a hydrogen concentration of 0.00125, how many sig figs would you have in your ph answer
Four (3 decimals places)
Molarity=
Moles of solid solute/L of solution
Explain the difference between a strong base and a weak base in terms of pH values AND hydroxide ion concentrations
A strong base is something like sodium hydroxide which is fully ionic. You can think of the compound as being 100% split up into metal ions and hydroxide ions in solution. The pH of a strong acid will have a smaller exponent and therefore be bigger.
The pH of a weak acid will have a higher exponent and be smaller
Only about 1% of a weak base produces hydroxide ions
When you add acid and water together, you _____ heat
Adding acid to water is preferably because water will absorb the energy, but if you add the acid first, the glass will absorb energy and heat will produce
Release
Ka of HCN
Ka= [H+][CN-]/[HCN]
Ka=
Concentration of products/concentration of reactants
When solving a Ka equation, always _____. If your answer is greater than 5 percent, use ___________ _______.
Assume, quadratic formula
A strong acid _________ completely
Dissociates
The majority of weak acids are __________
Organic (complex)
You do not need to show water with weak acids because it’s molarity is _____
1
Always show water with weak bases ionizations because it acts as the _________ donator
Proton
The conjugate base will always be one more ____
While the conjugate acid will always be one more ______
Negative, positive
Characteristics of acids?
Taste, indicator, rxn with metals, conductivity, feel
Sour, change in color, up to H2, yes
If you add an acid to a base _____
If you add a base to an acid _____
Stays pink
Flashes pink
