chem unit 4 test Flashcards
how many different s configurations are there? (aka orbitals)
p?
d?
f?
1,3,5,7
the energy level equals ___ and the sublevels are ____________
n, spdf
______ occupy orbitals
electrons
orbitals have an energy order that is
lowest (ground state) to highest (excited state)
what is the ground configuration for N^-3
1s2, 2s2, 2p6 (add three electrons)
what is the top of a wave?
bottom?
height?
distance from two tops?
crest (ridge)
trough, amplitude, wavelength
shorter wavelength means _____ frequency and ______ energy
higher, higher
what is the order on the spectrum for shorter—-longer wavelength
gamma-rays, x-rays, ultra-violet, visible light (VIBGYOR), Infrared, Radio-waves
light has a ______ nature (behaves as a wave)
dual
what is a photon
where do they travel
quanta of energy (package of energy)
transverse waves
the wavelength is the distance between two _________ waves
adjacent
what is amplitude
amount of energy (shape/color)
midpoint—>crest=midpoint—>trough
the color of light is established by the ________
wavelength
wide length=low energy (red)
small length=high energy (violet)
what is frequency?
how many waves pass a point(observer’s eye) in 1 second
=cursive v
what are some units for frequency
wps, cps, hertz(hz), s^-1(per second)
wavelength is measured in ___
meters
electrons travel at _______
the speed of light (3.0x10^8s)
true or false
not all forms of radiation travel at the same speed
false-all forms of radiation travel at the same speed
E=photon energy
how is it found?
E=hc/wavelength (lamda)
E=hv
h is called ________ and is equal to ______
planck’s constant, 6.626x10^-34 J*S
where do electrons start
ground state (lowest possible energy)
electrons __________ orbit, but _____ confined in 3D space
do not, are
electron density regions
orbitals
orbitals have a number and a name
number=
name=
- energy level (n)–7 energy levels (periods 1-7)
- shape it can travel in (s)–s shape (sphere), p (peanut), d (double peanut), f (flowers)
what is the Aufbau Principle
what is Hund’s Rule
when assigning orbital to electrons, always fill lowest energy first
electrons want to be unpaired until they’re forced to pair (Aufbau’s Principle)
where is the s block, p block, d block and f block
groups 1-2, 13-18, 3-12, lanthanides and actinides
every orbital can hold ___ electrons
2
3 configurations for p orbital–so it can hold 6
the energy level assigned in the d-block has to be _____ while the f-block is _____
n-1, n-2
period 5 elements would be 4d
in the following electron configuration, how many valence electrons does the element have?
1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d3
2
in groups 1 and 2, valence number =________
in p-block_________
group number
group number-10
in orbitals, electrons ____ each other (arrows in ____ directions)
repel, opposite
quantum numbers describe the _____________
electron configurations
what does the principle quantum number, n, do
describes the main energy levels electron occupies
n=1,2,3,4,5,6,7
what is the subsidiary quantum number, cursive l, say
also called Azithmal
designates the shape of the region the electron occupies
l=0,1,2,3 (n-1)
l designates the sublevel and is given a letter notation
what is the magnetic quantum number, m sub l, do
designates the spatial orientation of atomic orbital
m sub l= -l…0…l
what is the spin quantum number m sub s
m sub s= -1/2 or +1/2
no 2 electrons can have the same 4 quantum numbers, true or false
true
what is electron dot notation
indication of the number of valence electrons around the element’s symbol
there cannot be more than 2 dots along any side of the symbol
what are the exceptions to Aufbau’s Principle
when is stability achieved
1/2 filled orbitals are more stable than partially filled orbitals
orbitals are filled completely, 1/2 filled, partially filled to some degree (best to worst)
what elements follow exceptions to Aufbau’s
Chromium down, Copper down
what does frequency=
wavelength=
energy=
c/y
c/v
hv
hc/y
name the three major divisions within an electron cloud with respect to the energy of an electron
the energy level, the orbital shape, ????????(ask)
how can we determine the possible number of sublevels in an energy level
it is equal to n or the subsidiary number
is this a possible combination of quantum numbers
n=6, l=5, m=-5, s=+1/2
yes-although 5 is not a known subsidiary number (block), it is 6-1
