Hazards past paper questions 3 Flashcards
Explain one way longer-term relief can reduce the impact of natural hazards [2]
- Long term planning such as storm shelter
development (1) can provide the general
population with somewhere safe to stay during a cyclone event (1). OR - Investment/foreign aid can be used to develop early warning systems (1) which means people can evacuate (1).
State one method of measuring the scale of tropical cyclones. [1]
- Saffir-Simpson scale (1) OR
- Weather stations (1) OR
- Anemometer (1) OR
- Satellite systems (1)
Suggest two physical reasons why people live in areas at risk from volcanic eruptions [4]
- Quality of Soil (1) People may work in farming and the quality of the soil means that they are able to produce a good crop year on year (1). OR
- Geothermal energy (1) provides people with a lowcost source of energy (1). OR
- Areas rich in mineral deposits (1) may cause people to stay because it gives a source of income (1)
Analyse the differences between earthquake events in developed and developing countries [4]
- Countries that are less economically developed cannot afford to spend as much money to protect themselves from earthquakes, so it is likely that these areas will have a higher death toll, even if the magnitude of an earthquake is the same as the
magnitude in a more developed country. - More-developed countries can
afford to spend money on prediction methods, such as GPS satellite (when data is sent from satellites to computers with information such as plate movement and changes in the earth’s
surface). In the developing world, communication systems may be
underdeveloped, so the population may not be well educated about what to do in the event of an earthquake - Construction standards tend to be poorer in less-developed countries. Homes and other buildings suffer serious direct damage when the disaster occurs. Buildings collapsing
result in high death tolls. - Evacuation and other emergency plans are also difficult to put into action due to limited funds and insufficient resources. Clearing up can be difficult. There may not be enough money to rebuild homes quickly and safely, which leads to many people being forced to live in emergency housing or refugee camps –which can increase the death toll.
Identify the short-term response to a natural hazard. (1)
A emergency aid
B risk assessment
C hazard mapping
D rebuilding programmes
A emergency aid
Explain one way in which government can help prepare the population for
earthquake events. [3]
- Governments can prepare people for a hazardous event by carrying out emergency drills (1) which involves the population practicing what to do (1) and where they should go increasing the chances
of them surviving (1). OR - Governments can prepare people for a hazardous event by investing money (1) in earthquake proof infrastructure/new technology (1) which means that people will have time to evacuate buildings more efficiently (1). OR
- Governments can prepare people for hazardous events by creating evacuation plans (1) which can be shared with the population (1) so that the people know what to do in the event of an earthquake (1).
Identify the longer-term response to a hazardous event. (1)
A emergency medical aid
B provision of bottled water
C food parcels
D rebuilding settlements
D rebuilding settlements
Explain one way short-term relief helps reduce the impact of earthquakes. [2]
- Short term relief such as tents (1) can provide the general population with immediate shelter following a tropical storm. (1). OR
- Food parcels reduce the risk of starvation (1) because they provide people with immediate food which they don’t need to pay for (1).
Analyse the differences between the tropical cyclone hazards and impacts [4]
- The impact of tropical storms will vary depending on the level of development in an area. OR
- The impact of the tropical storm will depend on the physical strength, duration and size of the storm OR
- Countries that have effective warning systems should be better prepared for the event OR
- More developed countries can often afford to spend more on prediction and emergency procedures limiting the amount of
deaths. OR - Highly urbanised areas are likely to suffer a greater financial burden.
Explain one longer-term impact of a tropical cyclone. [3]
- Financial cost (1) cost of repairing damage (1) such as billions of $ repairing damaged roads and flooded infrastructure (1). OR
- Buildings damaged (1) so people demand higher building standards (1) to help protect them from the cyclone impacts (1). OR
- Cyclone damage (1) leads to investment by
governments/relief organisations (1) which is used to develop better early warning systems (1)
Identify one social impact of a hazardous event. (1)
A roads damaged
B buildings damaged
C families separated
D crops destroyed
C families separated
State one method of measuring the magnitude of a natural hazard. [1]
- Richter scale (1) OR
- Moment magnitude scale (1) OR
- Magnitude scale (1)
Explain the formation of destructive plate boundaries. [4]
- Destructive plate boundaries are formed where 2 plates move towards one another (1) The edge of one plate is destroyed (1) as it is pushed beneath the other (1) this is called subduction (1). OR
- Two plates move towards each other (1) and the oceanic plate is forced under the continental plate (1) because it is heavier (1) and friction causes melting of the plate (1).
Suggest two reasons why people live in areas at risk from tropical cyclones. [4]
- The climate is of a good quality (1) and gives
people a good quality of life (1). OR - Tourism provides a source of income (1) few other job opportunities in the area (1). OR
- People may have low income (1) and are therefore not able to move (1). OR
- The city is very developed/provides jobs (1) so people don’t want to move (1).
Explain the causes of an earthquake. [4]
- Earthquakes occur at plate margins (1) as the
plates move together it is known as a destructive plate margin (1) one of the plates is destroyed as it gets pushed beneath the other plate (1) this process is called subduction (1). OR - Two plates moving in opposite directions (1) get stuck and pressure builds up (1) and when the plate slips (1) pressure is released and causes the ground to shake (1).
