Hazards past paper questions 2 Flashcards
State one reason why people continue to live in areas at risk from natural
hazard events [1]
- Family ties keep mean they want to stay (1) OR
- Unaware of the risk (1) OR
- No ability to move (1) OR
- Fertile soils (1) OR
- Lack of ability to move (1)
Suggest two reasons why some populations are more at risk from the impacts of
tropical cyclones than others. [4]
- Location on a coastline (1) which means they
are closer to where a tropical cyclone could hit
land (1). OR - Location within the latitudes where tropical
cyclones are most frequent (1) therefore risk
is higher of cyclone reaching the population
(1). OR - Some countries may have higher population
at risk (1) therefore the potential damage is
higher (1). OR - India has between 1001 – 10000(1000’s)
people at risk (1) because of a low level of
development (1)
Identify the factor that produces the occurrence of an earthquake. (1)
A Ocean surface movement
B Tsunami wave formation
C Tectonic plate movement
D Average temperature change
C Tectonic plate movement
Analyse the different strategies for preparing for earthquakes [4]
- It is important to educate the potential population that could be affected so that they know how to respond in the event of an
earthquake. This has the potential to reduce the number of deaths and injuries. OR - Some countries may try to have a warning system that informs people at risk when seismic activity is detected. But this relies on
people having access to a phone/signal etc. OR - Some countries try to prepare by ensuring buildings are more resistant to ground movement from earthquakes, but this requires a high level of investment and will not be accessible for everyone.
Analyse the short- and long-term impacts of the earthquake event. [4]
Explain the cause of an earthquake [3]
- Two plates rub against each other at a plate margin (1) there is a build up in stress (1) which is released as an earthquakes when the plates moves (1).
- Two plates meet (1) causing friction (1) which results in earthquakes at the fault lines (1).
Explain one physical impact of a tropical cyclone hazard. [2]
- Destruction of buildings/infrastructure (1) caused by high winds (1). OR
- Flooding (1) caused by associated heavy rain (1).
- Storm surge (1) loss of life (1). OR
- Trees blown down/destruction of habitats (1) causing damage or loss of life (1)
Explain one strategy to reduce the impacts from earthquake events. [3]
- Early warning systems (1) to allow people evacuate (1) which could reduce deaths (1). OR
- Building earthquake resistant Buildings/ example of approach (counter weight / Concrete exoskeleton) (1) to reduce damage from ground shaking (1) which should result in less injuries (1). OR
- Practicing earthquake drills (1) so people know how to correctly respond to an earthquake event (1) which should reduce the risk of injury (1).
Explain the formation of a volcano. [4]
- On a destructive plate margin two plates push together until one is subducted (1). As the plate is pushed down the rock melts (1) and builds up pressure under the earths surface (1). Lava is ejected and cools to form a layer of a volcano (1). OR
- On a destructive plate margin one plate is subducted under the other (1) which means that molten magma is released (1) and rises to surface (1). OR
- However at a constructive plate margin plates moves apart (1) and magma rises up to fill the gap (1) and erupts at surface as a volcano (1).
Suggest two reasons why some places are more vulnerable to tectonic hazards
than others. [4]
- Proximity to a plate boundary (1) increases
likelihood of experiencing a hazard (1). OR - Megacities have high population densities (1)
and therefore more people who may be
impacted by a tectonic hazard event (1). OR - Some countries such as China have
megacities located on plate boundaries (1)
which means higher populations are at risk
(1).
Explain why volcanoes do not always form on plate boundaries [4]
- Volcanoes usually form on a destructive or constructive plate boundaries (1). However, where there are plumes of molten rock (1) which rise through the mantle and
cause the crust to melt (1) this creates hotspots (1). OR - Hotspots (1) such as the Hawaii (1) are formed where the earth’s crust is thinner (1) allowing molten material rise to the surface more easily (1) OR
- Hotspots (1) form where the earth’s crust is thinner (1) allowing molten material to rise more easily (1) due to convection currents (1)
Identify a way to help plan for tropical cyclone hazards. (1)
A Monitor earth movement with a seismograph.
B Satellite technology to track development of storms.
C Send emergency aid to countries that experience cyclones.
D Monitor any changes in groundwater levels
B Satellite technology to track development of storms.
Identify a method of measuring tropical cyclones. (1)
A Bradshaw scale
B Pressure scale
C Saffir-Simpson scale
D Wind speed scale
C Saffir-Simpson scale
Explain one economic impact of a tropical cyclone hazard [2]
- Closure of businesses/job loss (1) means loss of income (1). OR
- Increased government debt (1) due to funds needed for emergency responses (1). OR
- Damage to infrastructure (1) cost money to repair (1). OR
- Loss of income from tourism (1) due to closure of airports/hotels (1).
Identify one hazard associated with the volcanic eruption [1]
- Lava flow (1).
- Pyroclastic flow (1).
- Ash (1)
