Coasts past papers 41-60

Question 1

Is a bar a depositional or erosional landform?

Answer 1

Depositional

Question 2

Identify a suitable piece of equipment to measure beach gradient. (1)
A Anemometer
B Quadrat
C Clinometer
D Stopwatch

Answer 2

C Clinometer

Question 3

Identify a biotic factor that affects coastal ecosystems. (1)
A Wind
B Plants
C Interception
D Temperature

Answer 3

B Plants

Question 4

How can field sketches help analyse different coastal management systems (3)

Answer 4

By drawing a field sketch (1) at set distances (1) we can compare the features of different sites (1).

Question 5

Suggest two ways changes in sea level have created coastal landforms. (4)

Answer 5

A reduction in sea level have left behind raised beaches (1) and
over time this new beach feature becomes vegetated. (1)
Due to an increase in sea level (1) landforms such as rias /
fjords have been created (1)

Question 6

Name one type of sampling method (1)

Answer 6

• Random sampling (1) OR
• Stratified sampling (1) OR
• Systematic sampling (1)

Question 7

Explain one factor that controls the distribution of coral reef ecosystems. (2)

Answer 7

• Temperature of the water (1) (tropical) coral needs optimum temperature of 25°c (1). OR
• Temperature of the water (1) coral needs a minimum of 18°c degrees for growth (1). OR
• Water depth (1) as coral needs less than 25m to survive (1). OR
• Water depth (1) affects light penetration from sunlight (1). OR
• Salinity (1) as corals are marine life and can only survive in saltwater (1).

Question 8

What is one negative effect of using groynes to prevent longshore drift? [1]

Answer 8

Groynes interrupt the natural movement of sediments leading so increasing the erosion and sediment loss further down the beach front [1]

Question 9

How is a cave formed? (4)

Answer 9

Cave forms along a headland (1). Wave action begins to erode the headland (1) especially where there are lines of weakness (1) repetition of this process leads to this line if weakness widening creating a cave (1).

Question 10

Identify the best definition of biological weathering. (1)
A Where plant roots grow into cracks in the rocks.
B Where plants take over the coastal landscape.
C Where plant roots are damaged by rocks.
D Where wind causes erosion of rock.

Answer 10

A Where plant roots grow into cracks in the rocks.

Question 11

State one type of coastal mass movement. (1)

Answer 11

Landslide (1) OR
Soil creep (1) OR
Rotational slumping (1) OR
Rock fall (1)

Question 12

When sampling, what are some of the disadvantages (1)

Answer 12

Poor representation of overall investigation (1) OR
Time constraints (1) OR
Can be biased (1) OR
Can be under representative (1) OR
Unreliable (1) OR
Inaccurate (1)

Question 13

Identify one feature of coral reef ecosystems. (1)

Answer 13

• Calcium carbonate (1) OR
• High levels of biodiversity (1) OR
• Made of living organisms (1) OR
• Home for lots of small fish (1) OR
• Attracts tourism (1).
• Idea of damage to Coral/ reef under threat idea (1).

Question 14

Is seaweed a biotic or abiotic factor?

Answer 14

Biotic

Question 15

Identify the definition of the term biomass. (1)
A. the amount of living matter in an ecosystem
B. the amount of non-living matter in an ecosystem
C. the amount of living and non-living matter in an ecosystem
D. the amount of leaf litter in an ecosystem

Answer 15

A. the amount of living matter in an ecosystem

Question 16

Explain one way coastal ecosystems are threatened by human activity. (3)

Answer 16

• Mass tourism (1) can lead to greater levels of pollution on the beach (1) which may enter the food chain endangering marine population (1). OR
• Trampling of vegetation (1) may damage fragile ecosystems such as sand dunes (1) which may increase erosion rates as there is reduced vegetation
  to hold dunes together (1). OR
• Global warming (1) can lead to sea level rise (1) which can destroy mangrove ecosystems due to increase in tidal range (1).

Question 17

What is stratified sampling? (1)

Answer 17

Dividing sampling into groups, e.g. three sites from each section of coastline, or five people from each age range.

Question 18

Explain how hard engineering like sea walls are used in coastal management. (1)

Answer 18

Sea walls reduce energy of the waves hitting the coastline (1).

Question 19

State one factor affecting the distribution of mangrove ecosystems. (1)

Answer 19

• Tropical location (1) OR
• Areas free from strong waves (1) OR
• Brackish or saline water (1) OR
• Large tidal range (1) OR
• Pollution (1) OR
• Water temperature (1)

Question 20

Suggest one advantage of hard engineering like sea walls (1)

Answer 20

• Sea walls can limit the effect
  of coastal erosion (1).
• Sea walls can reduce damage to high value land (1).