Coasts past papers 21-40 Flashcards
The students used annotated field sketches as part of their data collection.
Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage of this technique. (4)
- Advantage: By using annotated sketches students can get a quick view of the areas they are working recording
key features (1) to support recall later (1). - Advantage: By using field sketches students can highlight features (1) that they want to focus on as part of their
study (1). - Disadvantage: Because students have different perceptions (1) they may over-exaggerate features (1).
- Disadvantage: Students are only taking a view of their area as they see it (1) candidates sketches may not
record everything accurately (1).
Identify one erosional landform. (1)
A. spit
B. cave
C. bar
D. beach
B. cave
Name one piece of equipment you would use to measure beach gradient. (1)
- Clinometer (1) OR
- Ranging pole (1) OR
- Tape measure (1) OR
- Meter ruler (1)
Explain one physical factor that influences the distribution of mangrove
ecosystems. (3)
- Coastal mangroves need a high level of rainfall (1) of between 1500 and 3000 mm per annum (1) this can be obtained from rainfall or moisture in the air making tropical climates ideal (1). OR
- Mangroves need a high temperature (1) around 27 degrees (1) otherwise they will not grow (1). OR
- Mangroves need high levels of humidity (1) between 75 and
80% (1) to enable them to grow (1)
Explain one type of hard engineering that is used in coastal management. (2)
Groynes (1) to prevent movement of sand down the coastline (1). OR
Sea walls (1) to reduce energy of the waves hitting the coastline (1). OR
Gabions (1) to protect the base of a cliff (1)
What are some hard engineering coastal management systems? (2)
groynes (1) OR
sea walls (1) OR
rock armour (1) OR
gabions (1)
Identify one type of primary data (1)
A local shoreline management plan
B field sketches
C local historical map
D newspaper articles
B field sketches
How does agriculture affect coral reefs? (1)
Through increased pollution
in the water which can affect coral growth.
Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of annotated field sketches (4)
- Advantage: By using field sketches students can get a quick view of the areas they are working recording key
features (1) to support recall later (1). - Advantage: By using field sketches students can highlight features (1) that they want to focus on as part
of their study (1) - Disadvantage: Because students are often making sketches quickly, they may not record key features correctly (1) leading to inaccuracies later on (1).
- Disadvantage: Because students have different perceptions (1) they may over-exaggerate features (1).
Suggest how a physical factor like temperature can affect the distribution of coral reef ecosystems. (1)
Coral can only survive between 18 degrees and 35 degrees celsius (1)
When collecting data on a coastal landscape what risk factors should be considered? [2]
- One factor is the tide coming in during measurement [1]. Need to check the tide schedule for that beach before carrying out the research [1]. OR
- One factor is loose cliff rocks falling when gathering data [1]. Need to wear hard hats to avoid potential injuries when gathering data. OR
- One factor is slippery rocks [1]. Researchers need to wear non-slip boots [1]
State one type of coastal mass movement. (1)
Landslide (1) OR
Soil creep (1) OR
Rotational slumping (1) OR
Rock fall (1)
Explain one advantage of systematic sampling of a beach when profiling the beach (2)
Systematic sampling at equal intervals (1) will remove bias and better illustrates changes to the beach profile (1).
What is one fieldwork method students can use to collect data to investigate the coastal landscape [2]
- Students could measure the changes in sediment size [1] by collecting a sample of sediment from different locations along the beach and recording what they see e.g. size of sediment, number of shells [1]. OR
- Students can measure the profile of the beach [1] by calculating changes to the angle of the slope [1]. OR
- Students can use secondary data (maps, MIS) to analyse how the land is being used near the coast [1]. This would allow them to consider the risk to the community (flood risk, landslide risk) [1]
Analyse why there may be conflicts over management strategies in coastal
environments (2)
Conflicts can arise over which management strategies are used (hard or soft engineering) (1) based on the different ways groups want to use the coastline. (1) OR
Different groups have their own agendas which can lead to conflict as they may not be compatible. (1) For example allowing natural retreat in area that affects a lot of residents’ homes. (1)
