Coasts past papers 121-140

Question 1

Identify the statement below that best describes the characteristics of a
destructive wave. (1)
A. long wavelength and weak backwash
B. short wavelength and strong backwash
C. long wavelength and strong backwash
D. short wavelength and weak backwash

Answer 1

B. short wavelength and strong backwash

Question 2

State one factor that encourages salt marsh ecosystems to develop. (1)

Answer 2

• Shelter from the sea / protected from wind (1) OR
• Brackish water / partly salty water / salinity (1) OR
• Water regularly flooded by tides (1) OR
• Large expanse of mudflat (1).

Question 3

Explain one advantage of a line graph (1)

Answer 3

• Shows trends and patterns clearly (1) OR
• Quicker and easier to construct than a bar graph (1) OR
• If there are multiple lines on a graph it can be confusing (1) OR
• Requires little written explanation (1)

Question 4

Explain how hard engineering like gabions are used in coastal management. (1)

Answer 4

Gabions protect the base of a cliff (1).

Question 5

Are field sketches to show the changes in the coastal features an example of qualitative or quantitative field work?

Answer 5

Qualitative

Question 6

Is a coastal management plan a source of qualitative or quantitative data?

Answer 6

Qualitative

Question 7

Identify the correct definition of systematic sampling. (1)
A. Collecting data at random sites along a coastline.
B. Collecting data every 100m along a coastline.
C. Collecting data from two different coastline.
D. Collecting data from three sites along a coastline.

Answer 7

B. Collecting data every 100m along a coastline.

Question 8

Explain one way climate change may affect coastal environments. (3)

Answer 8

Climate change can cause the melting of ice caps (1) so global sea levels will rise (1) and so coastal settlements may become flooded or abandoned (1). OR
Climate change could destroy coral reefs (1) because sea temperature rises (1) which leads to coral bleaching (1). OR
Climate change could increase severity of storms (1) which will increase erosion of mangroves (1) leading to loss of biodiversity (1).

Question 9

Travelling across a stretch of beach why does the gradient increase? [1]

Answer 9

Sediment deposited closer to the backshore is less exposed to destructive wave action [1]

Question 10

Identify one type of quantitative data (1)
A annotated photographs
B newspaper articles
C beach gradient
D coastal management plan

Answer 10

C beach gradient

Question 11

Suggest how a physical factor like water salinity can affect the distribution of coral reef ecosystems. (1)

Answer 11

Coral can only survive in salty water. (1)

Question 12

Explain two ways the use of predictive techniques could reduce the impact of
coastal flooding. (4)

Answer 12

• Prediction techniques can be used to develop
  evacuation plans (1) which will enable people to move to areas of lower risk (1). OR
• Prediction techniques can be used to plan where to build flood defense’s (1) which can reduce damage to buildings (1). OR

Question 13

What is the advantage of taking digital photos rather than drawing field sketches?

Answer 13

Can generate a lot of images from different angles using photographs.

Question 14

Explain one advantage of a pie chart

Question 15

What is systematic sampling? (1)

Answer 15

Collecting data in an ordered or regular way, e.g. every 5 meters or every fifth person.

Question 16

(a) Identify the feature of a mangrove ecosystem. (1)
A high altitude
B steep land gradient
C complex root system
D cold temperatures

Answer 16

C complex root system

Question 17

What is hydraulic erosion (1)

Answer 17

The impact of the force of the wave crashing
against the cliff, wears away the rock.

Question 18

When collecting field data how can reliability of the data collected be improved? (2)

Answer 18

Take lots of measurements, not just one or two (1). OR
Compare results to another group (1). OR
Ensure one person in the group is responsible for measurements (1).

Question 19

Explain one way mangrove ecosystems are affected by human activity. (2)

Answer 19

Deforestation (1) for timber and building material (1). OR
Mangroves are often removed (1) to make space for aquaculture / shrimp farming (1). OR
Overfishing (1) leads to mangrove ecosystems being damaged (1). OR
Agriculture can lead to pesticides reaching the river (1) which can lead to mangroves being damaged (1).

Question 20

Explain how prevention strategies can reduce the impact of coastal flooding (2)

Answer 20

• Flood defences built along to coastline (1) help to reduce the severity of flooding (1).
• Building emergency centres for people to shelter (1) reduce the amount of people who might be killed (1)
• Early warning systems (1) give messages through the coastguard/Environment agency (1) will help people prepare for the flood event/evacuate if necessary