Haplorrhini: Simiiformes: Catarrhini: Cercopithecinae

Question 1

Catarrhini: Family: Cercopithecidae:
Subfamily: Cercopithecinae traits

Answer 1

lrg/diverse many species/adaptations; cheek pouches; ischial callosities

Question 2

Catarrhini: Cercopithecidae: Cercopithecidae: Arboreal Guenons

Answer 2

anatomically very similar, legs/arms similar length, long tail, quadrupedal; many species are sympatric- have striking diffs in coloration to maintain species boundaries; use facial gestures to communicate- big canines to fight; little sexual dimorphism; soc. org. one male/multifemales And all-male bachelor groups

Question 3

Catarrhini: Cercopithecidae: Cercopithecidae: The Macaques

Answer 3

one of most successful primate radiations-located braodly in Asia & Gibralter, 23 species; big complex soc. org. multimale/multifemale; many niches both terrestrial/arboreal, forest/urban areas (w/humans)-behave same in forest as in urban areas exploiting resources

Question 4

Catarrhini: Cercopithecidae: Cercopithecidae: The Macaques: Japanese Macaques

Answer 4

arboreal/terrestrial; one of the most northerly primate able to survive winter temps -15C (25F), snow more than 1m deep-behavior adaptations -hotsprings, dig in snow for food underneath; physical adaptations -lighter color eyes/faces for Vit D, thicker fur, & diet - strip bark to eat whats underneath/pine needles, fatten up when food more abundant; “pre-cultural” behavior (rice)- non-utilitarian behavior (snow balls)

Question 5

Catarrhini: Cercopithecidae: Cercopithecidae: Terrestrial Cercopithecinae

Answer 5

largest monkeys in body size- extreme sexual dimorphism in most in both body size/other traits- sexual selection

Question 6

Catarrhini: Cercopithecidae: Cercopithecidae: Terrestrial Cercopithecinae: Erythocebus patas (Patas Monkeys)

Answer 6

only along the equator in open savanna habitats; fastest primate (35mph) built like cheetahs w/broad chest=lrgr lung capacity; lrg home range related to diet-gums/insects (galls-made by ants on acacia trees); hand/feet more adapted for living on ground, lot of time bipedal looking over grass for predators; one male/multfemale soc. org. w all male bachelor groups; highly sexually dimorphic in body size- canines in males

Question 7

Catarrhini: Cercopithecidae: Cercopithecidae: Terrestrial Cercopithecinae: Mandrills and Drills

Answer 7

only in W Africa; males very colorful face/bottom- sexually dimorphic in color/body size-coloration related to male testosterone levels (females dull color avoid predation); sexual swelling; little know of soc. org. unstable political environ. but one male/multifemale- sometimes “hordes” (as many 100); appeasement grin to show lower canine to make up w/another in group

Question 8

Catarrhini: Cercopithecidae: Cercopithecidae: Terrestrial Cercopithecinae: Baboons; Olive Baboons

Answer 8

understood in terms of adaptation to terrestrial habitats- live in open habitats (savannas)-elongated foot toes shorten at top in line w/big toe; sleep in trees or high rock avoid predators; sectorial premolar; large multimale/multifemale groups, females stay/males leave; friendships between sexes; sexually dimorphic/sexual swelling;female competition(?); omnivorous - hunt/share

Question 9

Catarrhini: Cercopithecidae: Cercopithecidae: Terrestrial Cercopithecinae: Baboons; Gelada Baboons

Answer 9

rocky outcrops Ethiopia; grass seed specialist-herbivore grazers primarily grass; one male/mutlifemale groups or all male bachelor groups; extreme sexual dimorphism-really red chest=high testosterone; ‘lip flips’/’eyelid’ flashes w/ bipedal standing to intimidate others- female gelada fighting; males go thru “puberty” as develop into adults-females have some changes in size/develop “chest swelling” derived for sitting instead of sexual swelling on rump