Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y2 Pathology > Haematopoiesis > Flashcards

Haematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is produced in haemopoietic tissue?

A

Leucocytes, erythrocytes and platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the lifespans of the following:

  1. RBC
  2. PLT
  3. WBC
A
  1. 1 - > 5months depending on species
  2. 10 days
  3. Hours to years depending on cell type
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the lifespan of RBCs in a. dogs and b.cats

A

110 days

70 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the lifespan of neutrophils?

A

<10 hours in blood and 24-48 once in tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which WBC is long lived compared to the others?

A

Lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is the lifespan of cells important in haematpoiesis?

A

If there is a sudden arrest of this process a reduction in neutrophils is the first thing we would notice - these play a vital role in innate immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the major site of haematopoiesis from birth?

A

Bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the stem cell category found in early embryos

A

Totipotent stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe pluripotent stem cells

A

Found in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst

They are able to differentiate into almost all cells of the 3 germ layers, but not into an embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe multipotent stem cells

A

Found in most tissues
Can differentiate into a limited number of cell lineages
Limited in what the cells can become

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which stem cells give rise to all mature blood cell types?

A

Haematopoietic stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 2 sub-divisions of haematopoietic stem cells?

A

Common myeloid progenitor

Common lymphoid progenitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where do most stages of working lymphocytes form?

A

Thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What acts as a stimulant for lymphocyte division?

A

Contact with foreign material or antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Granulopoiesis and monocytopoiesis lead to the formation of?

A

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Differentiation of neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes is stimulated/controlled by what?

A

Cytokines (IL-3)

Colony stimulating factors

17
Q

What is the role of inflammatory mediators (ILs and TNF) on granulopoiesis and monocytopoiesis?

A

They stimulate macrophages, fibroblasts and endothelial cell to produce cytokines such as G-CSF and GM-CSF which increase granulopoiesis and monocytopoiesis

18
Q

Which cells make up the storage pool in granulocytopoiesis?

A

Segmented neutrophils

19
Q

How can inflammation affect neutrophil numbers?

A
  • Inflammation may cause increased neutrophils in blood (neutrophilia) due to release from the storage pool
    But if inflammation is very acute and severe inflammation can also cause neutropenia due to consumption of circulating and stored neutrophils
20
Q

Which cytokine is responsible for the growth and differentiation of eosinophils and the activation of mature eosinophils to kill helminth parasites?

A

IL-5

21
Q

Why are erythrocytes unable to undergo mitosis?

A

No nucleus

22
Q

Erythropoiesis is mainly controlled by … ?

A

Erythropoietin

23
Q

What acts as a stimulus for erythropoiesis?

A

Hypoxia due to decreased RBC count
Decreased availability of oxygen to blood or increased tissue demands for oxygen
Causes the kidney to release erythropoietin

24
Q

What are the 3 outcomes of iron ions broken down and left in blood?

A
  1. Used for the production of erythrocytes
  2. Stored as ferratin
  3. Excreted in bile (bilirubin)
25
Q

What are the different cell stages in the production of an erythrocyte?

A
  • Hemocytoblast (stem cell)
  • Early and late stage erythroblasts
  • Normoblast
  • Reticulocyte
  • Erythrocyte
26
Q

When does cell division of the large RBC blast stem cell stop?

A

When optimal intracellular Hb concentration is reached

27
Q

What colour do juvenile RBCs stain?

A

Blueish

28
Q

What characteristic morphological changes take place during maturation from the rubriblast to the mature erythrocyte?

A
  • cells become smaller
  • nuclei become smaller and chromatin is more aggregated
  • Nucleus is extruded
  • cytoplasmic colour changes from blue to orange as haemoglobin is formed and RNA is lost
29
Q

Describe endomitosis

A

Nuclear division but no cellular division which produces a megakaryoblast and then a megakaryocyte

30
Q

How are platelets formed from a megakaryocyte?

A

Fragmentation of the megakaryocyte cytoplasm and shedding into blood produces platelets

31
Q

What is the mediator of thrombopoiesis?

A

Thrombopoietin - produced by the liver

32
Q

How does IL-6 affect thrombopoiesis?

A

It can increased thrombopoietin synthesis independently of PLT numbers
- able to increase PLT numbers even when they are lost/being destroyed

Y2 Pathology (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions