Extracellular immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Immune responses to parasitic infections are mainly … driven

A

Th2

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2
Q

Where on a parasite should be targetted?

A

Weak spots e.g. digestive tract

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3
Q

What are the physiological host changes induced by anti-worm immunity?

A
  • Does not kill the worm but makes the GI tract inhospitable for the parasite
  • Increased goblet cells resulting in increased mucin secretion, gut motility and water influx into the intestinal lumen
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4
Q

Helminth infections promote the activity of which cells?

A

Antibodies
Eosinophils
Mast cells

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5
Q

The choice towards a Th2 response is driven by…?

A

IL-4

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6
Q

Th2 cells promote a strong antibody response based on neutralising which immunoglobulins?

A

IgG and IgE

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7
Q

What is the role of mast cells in helminth infections?

A

The are the main effector in helminth immunity
Their surface is loaded with IgE and antigen binding causes mast cell degranulation resulting in inflammation which is damaging to the worms

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8
Q

How do both eosinophils and masts cells have central roles in parasite immunity?

A
  • Both react to antigen complexed IgE and release molecules with potent anti-worm activities.
  • Mast cells stimulate worm expulsion
  • Eosinophils kill worms
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9
Q

List the different ways helminths can evade vertebrate immunity

A
  • size
  • thick extracellular coat
  • molecular mimicry
  • adsorbing host proteins
  • surface antigen shedding
  • immunosuppression
  • migration
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10
Q

How do Th2 cells promote neutralising antibodies?

A
  • Suppress the action of macrophages

- Promote a strong antibody response based on neutralising IgGs

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