Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology > H17 - Endocrine System > Flashcards

H17 - Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main function of the endocrine system?

A
  1. Maintain body homeostasis
  2. Help the body to react to stress in concert with the nervous system
  3. Regulate growth and development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the main types of hormones?

A
  • proteins and glycoproteins
  • small peptide hormones
  • derivates of amino acids
  • steroids derived from cholesterol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where on the sphenoid bone is the pituitary gland located?

A

sella turcica directly below the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is another name of the pituitary gland?

A

hypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the anterior lob of the pituitary gland called?

A

adenohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland called?

A

neurohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how doe the neurohypophysis develop?

A

downward growth of the hypothalamus and stays attached to the hypothalamus by the pituitary stalk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the anterior lobe of pituitary glands developed from?

A

Rathke’s poucha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is Rathke’s poucha?

A

upward pocket of epithelium in the roof of the oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how is hormones secreted in the anterior lobe?

A

controlled by hormones from the hypothalamus above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how doe the hypothalamus control the secretion of hormones?

A

via the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what hormones are secreted by the posterior lobe?

A
  • oxytocin

- ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

name 3 hormones secreted by the anterior lobe?

A
  • growth hormone
  • prolactin
  • TSH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What hypothalamic hormones regulate the anterior pituitary? (3)

A
  • Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
  • Somatostatin
  • Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What cells produce growth hormone?

A

somatotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What cells produce thyroid stimulating hormone?

A

Thyrotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What cells produce ACTH?

A

corticotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what cells produce prolactin?

A

lactotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what stains with acid dyes?

A

acidophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what stains with basic dyes?

A

basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what cells take up both acid or basic dyes very weakly?

A

chromophobes

22
Q

what are cidophils and basophils collectively called?

A

chromophils

23
Q

what are acidophils in the pituitary?

A

somatotrophs and lactotrophs

24
Q

what are basophils in the pituitary?

A

thyrotrophs, corticotrophs gonadotrophs

25
Q

wherre are the axons of the posterior pituitary located?

A

in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus

26
Q

What is the name for the special glial cells within the posterior pituitary?

A

Pituicytes

27
Q

what are swelllings in the axons of the posterior pituitary??

A

herring bodies

28
Q

What is the functional unit of the thyroid gland?

A

thyroid follicle

29
Q 
what regulates 
- cell basal metabolism rate 
- heat production
- growth and development 
in thyroid gland?
A

T3 and T4

T3 is derivate of T4

30
Q

what cells are within the basal lamina that surrounds the follicle, but are not in contact with the colloid?

A

C cells

31
Q

what is secreted by C cells ?

A

calcitonin

32
Q

what is the role of calcitonin?

A

inhibits osteoclast activity and lowers blood calcium

33
Q

How does parathormone increase serum calcium? (3)

A
  • stimulating release of calcium from the bone
  • increasing renal calcium reabsorption
  • increasing calcium absorption from the gut
34
Q

What are the three cell types in a parathyroid gland?

A
  • chief cells
  • oxyphils
  • adipose cells
35
Q

what are the characteristics of chief cells?

A

small, lightly stained cells with dark, central nuclei

they secrete PTH

36
Q

what are the characteristics of oxyphils?

A

large numbers of mitochondria

37
Q

what is the adrenal cortex formed of?

A

epithelial cells

38
Q

what is the adrenal medulla formed off?

A

neural crest cells

39
Q

what surrounds the adrenal glands?

A

thick capsule with connective tissue trabeculae extending inward through the cortex.

40
Q

what is the outer layer of the adrenal cortex?

A

Zona Glomerulosa

41
Q

what is the middle layer of the adrenal cortex?

A

Zona Fasciculata

42
Q

what is the inner layer of the adrenal cortex?

A

Zona Reticularis

43
Q

What cholesterol-based steroid hormones are involved in electrolyte and fluid homeostasis and produced in the zona glomerulosa?

A

Mineralocorticoids

44
Q

What cholesterol-based steroid hormones are produced in the zona fasciculata? They are involved in metabolism

A

Glucocorticoids

45
Q

What cholesterol-based steroid hormones are produced in the zona reticularis and produces a variety of androgens?

A

sex hormones

46
Q

What cells are found in the endocrine pancreas?

A

Islets of Langerhans

47
Q

What 3 cell types are in the pancreatic islets of the endocrine pancreas?

A
  • insulin secreting cells
  • glucagon secreting cells
  • somatostatin secreting cells
48
Q

What do testes produce and secrete?

A

Produce spermatozoa and secrete testosterone

49
Q

What cells in the interstices between the seminiferous tubules in the testes are responsible for testosterone production in the testes ?

A

Leydig cells

50
Q

What do ovaries produce and secrete?

A

Produce ova and secrete oestrogen and progesterone

Histology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions