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Histology > H14 - Salivary Gland > Flashcards

H14 - Salivary Gland Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of Saliva?

A
  • protection
  • buffering
  • tooth integrity
  • antimicrobial activity
  • digestion
  • taste
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2
Q

what are the 3 main salivary glands?

A
  • parotid
  • submandibular
  • sublingual
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3
Q

where does parotid gland enter the oral cavity?

A

emerges from the anterior border of mandible and passes over masseter and pierces buccinator emptying into the oral cavity on a papilla opposite the upper 2nd molar

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4
Q

what vessels are embedded in the parotid gland?

A
  • External carotid artery,
  • retromandibular vein
  • facial nerve
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5
Q

what is the parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland?

A

Preganglionic: glossopharyngeal > lesser petrosal nerve > otic ganglion

Postganglionic: otic ganglion > auriculotemporal nerve > parotid gland.

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6
Q

where does the submandibular gland enter the oral cavity?

A

emerges form the deep part of the gland and passes forward to terminate on the sublingual caruncle near the base of the lingual frenum.

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7
Q

what is the parasympathetic innervation of the submandibular and sublingual gland?

A

Preganglionic: facial nerve > chorda tympani > lingual nerve > submandibular ganglion

Postganglionic: submandibular ganglion > submandibular gland.

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8
Q

where does the sublingual gland enter the oral cavity?

A

small ducts on the end of the lingual folds

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9
Q

What is the tough connective tissue capsule covering salivary glands?

A

stroma

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10
Q

What is formed by the compound tubulo-acinar glands in salivary glands?

A

parenchyma

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11
Q

What type of secretion occurs in the parenchyma of salivary glands?

A

merocrine

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12
Q

what is merocrine secretion?

A

membranes surrounding secretory vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and discharge their contents to the extracellular space.

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13
Q

what type of duct morphology to salivary glands have?

A

compound tubulo-acinar

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14
Q

what do serous glands secrete?

A

thin watery secretion that contains proteins and ions

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15
Q

what do mucous glands secrete?

A

mucin which results in a viscous, sticky secretion?

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16
Q

what are the properties of serous cells?

A
  • wedge shaped
  • prominent nucleus in basal part of cell
  • extensive RER
  • granular appearance
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17
Q

what are the properties of mucous cells?

A
  • found in tubular element of the tubulo-acinar glandular structure
  • larger numbers of prominent secretory granules
  • compressed nucleus at basal end
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18
Q

what is serous demilune?

A

when serous cells appear as a crescent shaped collection of cells at the end of a secretory unit

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19
Q

What cells in salivary glands surround secretory cells and are specialised for contraction to help expel secretions?

A

myoepithelial cells

20
Q

Where do acinus cells empty into first?

A

intercalated duct

21
Q

where does an intercalated duct empty?

A

striated duct

22
Q

what is the structure of a striated duct?

A
  • columnar
  • their nucleus in a central position
  • prominent striations at their basal surfaces
23
Q

Where do striated ducts empty into?

A

collecting duct

24
Q

what is the structure of the collecting duct ?

A
  • lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium
  • tall columnar cells
  • small basal cells

and changes to stratified squamous epithelia

25
Q

where are minor salivary glands found?

A

scattered throughout the oral mucosa,

absent from the gingiva and the anterior part of the hard palate

26
Q

What group of minor salivary glands are entirely serous and associated with vallate papilla?

A

Von Ebner’s Glands

27
Q

what type of saliva does the parotid gland secrete?

A

serous

28
Q

what type of saliva does the submandibular gland secrete?

A

majority serous

little mucosus

29
Q

what type of saliva cells does the sublingal gland secrete?

A

majority mucous

little serous

30
Q

what does parasympathetic activation increase?

A

fluid production

31
Q

what does sympathetic activation increase?

A

release of preformed elements

32
Q

what is the structure and location of the parotid gland?

A

pyramidal shape with the apex below the angle of the mandible and the posterior edge nerve the EAM

33
Q

what is the structure and location of the submandibular gland?

A

superficial party is below the inferior border of the mandible and wraps around the posterior border of the mylohyoid

34
Q

what is the structure and location of the sublingual gland?

A

almond shaped and sits in the sublingual fossa of the inner aspect of the mandible, bounded -

  • above by the oral mucosa
  • below by the mylohyoid
  • lateral by the genioglossus muscle
35
Q

how does the sublingual gland drain into the oral cavity?

A

via a single duct that joins that submandibular duct

36
Q

what is important about the basal striations on the striated duct?

A

infoldings of cell membrane accompanied by lines of mitochondria to power the molecular pumps within the cell

37
Q

what to the molecular pumps do to the saliva?

A

add Na+ K+ and HCO3- to produce hypertonic saliva

38
Q

what are the 5 minor salivary glands

A 
lingual 
minor sublingual 
labial 
palatine 
buccal
39
Q

what is the location of the lingual glands?

A

dorsal surface of the tongue

40
Q

what glands are associated with the lower aspect of the tongue?

A

minot sublingual glands

41
Q

what glands are associated with the inner lips?

A

labial glands

42
Q

where is the location of the palatine glands?

A

submucosa of the soft and posterior hard palate

43
Q

what glands are associate in the lining of the cheek?

A

buccal glands

44
Q

what does the serous saliva secreted from Von Ebner glands contribute to?

A

helps dissolve food to aid taste and keep the cleft flushed

45
Q

what are multicellular chemoreceptors that span the epithelium of the tongue?

A

taste buds

46
Q

what are contained in taste buds?

A

taste cells
support cells
basal cells

47
Q

how do taste buds function?

A

molecules enter the pores and interact with the receptors on microvilli on the sensory cells, tehy release a neurotransmitter to emit a response

Histology (13 decks)

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