H14 - Salivary Gland

Question 1

What are the functions of Saliva?

Answer 1

• protection
• buffering
• tooth integrity
• antimicrobial activity
• digestion
• taste

Question 2

what are the 3 main salivary glands?

Answer 2

• parotid
• submandibular
• sublingual

Question 3

where does parotid gland enter the oral cavity?

Answer 3

emerges from the anterior border of mandible and passes over masseter and pierces buccinator emptying into the oral cavity on a papilla opposite the upper 2nd molar

Question 4

what vessels are embedded in the parotid gland?

Answer 4

• External carotid artery,
• retromandibular vein
• facial nerve

Question 5

what is the parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland?

Answer 5

Preganglionic: glossopharyngeal > lesser petrosal nerve > otic ganglion

Postganglionic: otic ganglion > auriculotemporal nerve > parotid gland.

Question 6

where does the submandibular gland enter the oral cavity?

Answer 6

emerges form the deep part of the gland and passes forward to terminate on the sublingual caruncle near the base of the lingual frenum.

Question 7

what is the parasympathetic innervation of the submandibular and sublingual gland?

Answer 7

Preganglionic: facial nerve > chorda tympani > lingual nerve > submandibular ganglion

Postganglionic: submandibular ganglion > submandibular gland.

Question 8

where does the sublingual gland enter the oral cavity?

Answer 8

small ducts on the end of the lingual folds

Question 9

What is the tough connective tissue capsule covering salivary glands?

Answer 9

stroma

Question 10

What is formed by the compound tubulo-acinar glands in salivary glands?

Answer 10

parenchyma

Question 11

What type of secretion occurs in the parenchyma of salivary glands?

Answer 11

merocrine

Question 12

what is merocrine secretion?

Answer 12

membranes surrounding secretory vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and discharge their contents to the extracellular space.

Question 13

what type of duct morphology to salivary glands have?

Answer 13

compound tubulo-acinar

Question 14

what do serous glands secrete?

Answer 14

thin watery secretion that contains proteins and ions

Question 15

what do mucous glands secrete?

Answer 15

mucin which results in a viscous, sticky secretion?

Question 16

what are the properties of serous cells?

Answer 16

• wedge shaped
• prominent nucleus in basal part of cell
• extensive RER
• granular appearance

Question 17

what are the properties of mucous cells?

Answer 17

• found in tubular element of the tubulo-acinar glandular structure
• larger numbers of prominent secretory granules
• compressed nucleus at basal end

Question 18

what is serous demilune?

Answer 18

when serous cells appear as a crescent shaped collection of cells at the end of a secretory unit

Question 19

What cells in salivary glands surround secretory cells and are specialised for contraction to help expel secretions?

Answer 19

myoepithelial cells

Question 20

Where do acinus cells empty into first?

Answer 20

intercalated duct

Question 21

where does an intercalated duct empty?

Answer 21

striated duct

Question 22

what is the structure of a striated duct?

Answer 22

• columnar
• their nucleus in a central position
• prominent striations at their basal surfaces

Question 23

Where do striated ducts empty into?

Answer 23

collecting duct

Question 24

what is the structure of the collecting duct ?

Answer 24

• lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium
• tall columnar cells
• small basal cells

and changes to stratified squamous epithelia

Question 25

where are minor salivary glands found?

Answer 25

scattered throughout the oral mucosa, absent from the gingiva and the anterior part of the hard palate

Question 26

What group of minor salivary glands are entirely serous and associated with vallate papilla?

Answer 26

Von Ebner's Glands

Question 27

what type of saliva does the parotid gland secrete?

Answer 27

serous

Question 28

what type of saliva does the submandibular gland secrete?

Answer 28

majority serous | little mucosus

Question 29

what type of saliva cells does the sublingal gland secrete?

Answer 29

majority mucous | little serous

Question 30

what does parasympathetic activation increase?

Answer 30

fluid production

Question 31

what does sympathetic activation increase?

Answer 31

release of preformed elements

Question 32

what is the structure and location of the parotid gland?

Answer 32

pyramidal shape with the apex below the angle of the mandible and the posterior edge nerve the EAM

Question 33

what is the structure and location of the submandibular gland?

Answer 33

superficial party is below the inferior border of the mandible and wraps around the posterior border of the mylohyoid

Question 34

what is the structure and location of the sublingual gland?

Answer 34

almond shaped and sits in the sublingual fossa of the inner aspect of the mandible, bounded - - above by the oral mucosa - below by the mylohyoid - lateral by the genioglossus muscle

Question 35

how does the sublingual gland drain into the oral cavity?

Answer 35

via a single duct that joins that submandibular duct

Question 36

what is important about the basal striations on the striated duct?

Answer 36

infoldings of cell membrane accompanied by lines of mitochondria to power the molecular pumps within the cell

Question 37

what to the molecular pumps do to the saliva?

Answer 37

add Na+ K+ and HCO3- to produce hypertonic saliva

Question 38

what are the 5 minor salivary glands

Answer 38

``` lingual minor sublingual labial palatine buccal ```

Question 39

what is the location of the lingual glands?

Answer 39

dorsal surface of the tongue

Question 40

what glands are associated with the lower aspect of the tongue?

Answer 40

minot sublingual glands

Question 41

what glands are associated with the inner lips?

Answer 41

labial glands

Question 42

where is the location of the palatine glands?

Answer 42

submucosa of the soft and posterior hard palate

Question 43

what glands are associate in the lining of the cheek?

Answer 43

buccal glands

Question 44

what does the serous saliva secreted from Von Ebner glands contribute to?

Answer 44

helps dissolve food to aid taste and keep the cleft flushed

Question 45

what are multicellular chemoreceptors that span the epithelium of the tongue?

Answer 45

taste buds

Question 46

what are contained in taste buds?

Answer 46

taste cells support cells basal cells

Question 47

how do taste buds function?

Answer 47

molecules enter the pores and interact with the receptors on microvilli on the sensory cells, tehy release a neurotransmitter to emit a response