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Histology > H12 - Skin > Flashcards

H12 - Skin Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the skin?

A
  • protection
  • sensation
  • thermoregulation
  • metabolic functions
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2
Q

what are the layer of the skin?

A

epidermis > dermis > hypodermis

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3
Q

what are the 4 layers of the epidermis

A
  • stratum basale
  • stratum spinosum
  • stratum granulosum
  • stratum corneum
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4
Q

what is the single layer of cells sitting on the basal lamina which serve as stem cells for the epidermis and produce most of the cells of the epidermis ?

A

stratum basale

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5
Q

what are the features of the stratum spinosum ?

A

division in the basal layer displaces cells upward into this layer and is about 5 cells think and contains desmosomes

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6
Q

what is the layer of the epidermis which contains large numbers keratohyalin granules, keratin and acts as a ‘waterproof’ barrier?

A

stratum granulosum

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7
Q

what is the protein in the granules that promotes the aggegration of cytokeratin intermediate filaments (keratin)

A

profilaggrin

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8
Q

what gives the stratum granulosum layer waterproof features?

A

lamellar bodies are produced by cells and contain a hydrophobic glycophospholipid that acts as glue and waterproofing agent

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9
Q

what are the cells called that produces keratin?

A

keratinocytes

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10
Q

what layer is composed of dead squamous cells packed with keratin in a specialised matrix ?

A

stratum corneum

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11
Q

what is sometimes classed as a 5th layer of the epidermis?

A

thin layer between s.granulosum and s.corneum consisting of dead cells with abundant keratin

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12
Q

What cells are responsible for producing melanin in the stratum basale layer of the epidermis?

A

melanocytes

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13
Q

what is the function of Langerhans’ Cells?

A

resident macrophages in the epidermis that act as antigen presenting cells

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14
Q

What cells are touch receptors associated with a nerve ending, found in the stratum basale of the epidermis?

A

Merkel Cells

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15
Q

what layer of the epidermis shows the greatest difference between think and think skin>

A

s. corneum

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16
Q

what is the dense irregular connective tissue with think bundles of collagen fibres and elastic fibres embedded in relatively small amounts of other extracellular matrix material of the dermis

A

reticular dermis

17
Q

what is the layer of skin mostly composed of adipose tissue but has occasional bands of irregular connective tissue?

A

hypodermis

18
Q

What is the most superficial layer of the dermis, consisting of bundles of collagen and elastic tissue?

A

Papillary dermis

19
Q

What is formed in the Papillary Dermis that project upwards and interdigitate with downward projections of the epidermis?

A

dermal papillae

20
Q

Where are hair follicles derived from?

A

epithelium of epidermis

21
Q

what is the concave reagion at the end of a hair follicle called>

A

dermal hair papilla

22
Q

What type of secretion do sebaceous glands exibit?

A

holocrine

23
Q

what are Arrector Pili Muscles?

A

smooth muscle band that is attatched to a hair follicle to make it ‘stand on end’

24
Q

what type of glands are Eccrine glands?

A

glands that are found everywhere in the skin and release watery sweat from the gland onto the surface of the skin

25
Q

What type of glands produce a milky fluid, with ducts usually ending on hair shafts?

A

apocrine

26
Q

what are the three vascular plexuses of the skin?

A
  • papillary plexus
  • cutaneous plexus
  • subcataneous plexus
27
Q

what do ateriorvenous shunts allow?

A

blood to be diverted away from the superficial layers of the skin

28
Q

what are the two types of sensory receptors n the skin?

A
  • free nerve endings

- encapsulated nerve endings

29
Q

what are the two types of encapsulated nerve endings?

A
  • messiner corpuscle

- pacinain corpuscle

Histology (13 decks)

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