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Histology > H15 - Digestive Tract > Flashcards

H15 - Digestive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

where is masticatory mucosa found?

A

covering the hard palate and the gingiva

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2
Q

where is lining mucosa found?

A

inside of the lips, lining the buccal surfaces, covering the soft palate and lining the floor of the mouth and the inferior surface of the tongue

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3
Q

what parts of the oral cavity are covered in keratinised epithelium?

A
  • hard palate and the gingiva
  • dorsum of tongue
  • vermillion border
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4
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the anterior 2/3rd anterior of the tongue?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium, thin on ventral surface, thick and with papillae on the dorsal surface.

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5
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the posterior 1/3rd anterior of the tongue?

A

smooth stratified squamous epithelium

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6
Q

What kind of papillae are numerous, lack taste buds and are heavily keratinised, making them ideal for manipulating a bolus of food?

A

filiform papillae

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7
Q

What kind of papillae are generally not keratinised on their superior surface where they have taste buds?

A

Fungiform papillae

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8
Q

What kind of papillae are seen as slit like folds on the posterior lateral margins of the tongue? They also contain taste buds

A

foliate papillae

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9
Q

What kind of papillae are large and have taste buds in their lateral margins? They are surrounded by a moat like structure

A

Circumvallate papillae

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10
Q

what lines the oral cavity, oropharynx and laryngopharynx?

A

stratified squamous epithelium which is generally not keratinised.

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11
Q

what lines the nasal cavity and nasopharynx?

A

respiratory epithelium

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12
Q

what are the 4 layers of the digestive tract?

A
  • mucosa
  • submucosa
  • muscularis externa
  • serosa
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13
Q

what makes up the 3 layers of mucosa?

A

epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosae

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14
Q

what makes up the submucosa?

A

connective tissue

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15
Q

what is the muscularis externa?

A

two thick layers of smooth muscle,

  • an inner circular layer - outer longitudinal layer
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16
Q

what is the serosa?

A

outer layer of connective tissue that either suspends the digestive tract or attaches it to other organs

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17
Q

what is the abrupt transition from stratified squamous epithelium of oesophagus to the simple columnar epithelium of the cardia of the stomach?

A

gastro-oesophageal junction

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18
Q

What are gastric pits lined with?

A

surface mucous cells

19
Q

What kind of cells are in the isthmus of the gastric gland?

A

parietal and stem cells

20
Q

What kind of cells are in the neck of the gastric gland?

A
  • neck mucous cells

- parietal cells

21
Q

What kind of cells are in the fundus of the gastric gland?

A
  • chief cells,
  • parietal cells
  • enteroendocrine cells
22
Q

what are chief cells?

A

digestive enzyme secreting cell

23
Q

what are parietal cells?

A

HCL producing cell

24
Q

What is the abrupt transition from stomach mucosa to duodenal mucosa?

A

Gastroduodenal Junction

25
Q

What are between the bases of adjacent villi of the small intestine?

A

Crypts of Lieberkuhn

26
Q

How long is the duodenum in the small intestine?

A

25cm

27
Q

How long is the jejunum in the small intestine?

A

2m

28
Q

How long is the ileum of the small intestine?

A

2,75m

29
Q

What is the name for the acidic, partly digested semifluid material the duodenum receives?

A

chyme

30
Q

what are Brunner’s glands?

A

stimulated by the presence of chyme they produce a thin, alkaline mucous to neutralise the chyme.

31
Q

What forms the pyloric sphincter?

A

The inner circular layer of smooth muscle thickening

32
Q

What is the abrupt transition from mucosa of the rectum to the stratified squamous epithelium of the anal canal called?

A

Rectoanal Junction

33
Q

What are aggregations of lymphoid tissue associated with the gut called?

A

Peyer’s Patches

34
Q

What does the third layer of muscle in the stomach do which is located internal to the circular layer?

A

aids the churning action of the stomach

35
Q

What kind of cell is the most numerous cell, they are tall columnar cells with a brush border and are the principle absorptive cell?

A

Enterocytes

36
Q

What are the properties if goblet cells?

A

Produce mucin to protect epithelium and lubricate passage of mate

37
Q

What cells are found at the base of the crypts of Lieberkuhn, they have a defensive function?

A

paneth cells

38
Q

what do Neuroendocrine cells do?

A

what cells produce hormones that contribute to the control of secretion and motility?

39
Q

what cells are found at the base of the crypts of Lieberkuhn, they divide to replenish epithelium?

A

stem cells

40
Q

What are the two types of cells in the large intestine?

A

Absorptive cells- for removal of salts and thereby water

Goblet cells- for the secretion of mucous to lubricate the colon

41
Q

What is the name for the 3 muscular strips in the large intestine?

A

Teniae coli

42
Q

What is the name for the nervous system of the digestive tract?

A

enteric nervous system

43
Q

What is the name for the network of neutrons in the submucosa which controls the muscle of the muscularis mucosa and also helps regulate secretion in the epithelium?

A

submucosal plexus

44
Q

what interconnected network of fibres controls gut motility?

A

myenteric plexus

Histology (13 decks)

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