H16 - Liver, Pancreas and Gall Bladder

Question 1

what is the parenchyma of the liver and pancreas are composed?

Answer 1

glandular epithelial cells

Question 2

what are the main functions of the liver? (5)

Answer 2

• Synthesise plasma lipoproteins
• Synthesise cholesterol
• Detoxification of metabolic waste products
• Detoxification of toxins and drugs
• Storage of glycogen, some vitamins and iron

Question 3

what is the liver covered in?

Answer 3

collagenous connective tissue capsule

Question 4

what covers the tissue capsule on the liver?

Answer 4

mesothelial cells

Question 5

what are the segments that make up the liver called?

Answer 5

lobules

Question 6

what is the branch of the hepatic vein that is at the centre of each lobule?

Answer 6

centrolobular vein

Question 7

what is found at each corner of the lobule?

Answer 7

portal triads

Question 8

what is contained in teh portal triads?

Answer 8

hepatic portal vein
hepatic portal artery
bile duct

Question 9

where does the portla triad enter the liver?

Answer 9

porta hepatis

Question 10

what lines the bile ductule?

Answer 10

cholangiocytes

Question 11

What are the main cells of the liver?

Answer 11

hepatocytes

Question 12

What are the spaces inbetween hepatocytes where blood flows through called?

Answer 12

sinusoids

Question 13

What is the name for the space between hepatocytes and sinusoids?

Answer 13

Space of Disse

Question 14

what projects into the space of disse?

Answer 14

microvilli of the hepatocytes

Question 15

What is the liver supported by?

Answer 15

Reticular fibres (type III collagen) along with some type I collagen

Question 16

what do Kupffer cells do?

Answer 16

remove particulate matter from the blood and help remove worn out red blood cells.

Question 17

What is the name for a pigment which results from the breakdown of hemoglobin in the spleen, and when excreted in the bile, is the principle cause of the brown colour of faces?

Answer 17

Bilirubin

Question 18

What is formed by tight junctions in the cell membranes of adjacent hepatocytes?

Answer 18

bile canaliculi

Question 19

what lines the gall baldder?

Answer 19

tall columnar epithelial cells with a brush border

Question 20

what is stored in the gall bladder?

Answer 20

bile

Question 21

What controls the gall bladder contracting to deliver bile to the duodenum?

Answer 21

Nervous control and via release of the hormone cholecystokinin by endocrine cells of the duodenum when fatty food enters it

Question 22

what is Cholecystitis?

Answer 22

inflammation of the gall bladder

Question 23

what makes the pancreas unusal?

Answer 23

both an exocrine and endocrine gland

Question 24

What tissues does the endocrine pancreas consist of and what do these produce?

Answer 24

Islets of Langerhans which produce insulin and glucagon

Question 25

What are enzymes in the exocrine pancreas produced as?

Answer 25

inactive proenzyme

Question 26

why is the basal part of cells of the pancreatic acinus typically basophilic?

Answer 26

due to extensive RER

Question 27

why is the apical part of cells of the pancreatic acinus typically eosinophilic?

Answer 27

due to the presence of zymogen (pre-enzyme) granules

Question 28

what are the ducts within the acini that are continuous with the interlaced duct?

Answer 28

Centroacinar cells

Question 29

what is the main pancreatic duct that joins the common bile duct and opens into the duodenum on a papillae?

Answer 29

hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater

Question 30

what converts inactive proeznyme into typrinsogin?

Answer 30

enteropeptidase