H13 - Urinary System

Question 1

What is the functions of the Kidney and Urinary Tract ?

Answer 1

• Maintain water and electrolyte homeostasis, body fluid osmolarity and acid-base balance.
• Excrete toxic metabolic waste products (mainly urea and creatinine).
• Act as an endocrine gland, producing renin and erythropoietin.

Question 2

What is the kidney surrounded in?

Answer 2

thin but strong capsule of dense collagen fibres.

Question 3

What is the site of entry of renal artery and exit of renal vein and ureter?

Answer 3

hilum

Question 4

What is the basic functional unit of the kidney?

Answer 4

nephron

Question 5

what is the outer capsule of the kidney continuous with?

Answer 5

tissue that lines the renal sinus

Question 6

what are medullary rays?

Answer 6

collections of collecting ducts and the straight segments of the proximal and distal convoluted

Question 7

what is the nephron composed of?

Answer 7

renal corpuscle and renal tubules.

Question 8

what is the role of the renal corpuscle?

Answer 8

production and collection of glomerular filtrate.

Question 9

what is the role of the proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 9

reabsorption of water, proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates and glucose.

Question 10

what is the role of the loop of henle?

Answer 10

creation of hypertonic environment in medulla.

Question 11

what is the role of the distal tubule?

Answer 11

acid-base and water balance (absorption of water, Na and bicarbonate, excretion of K and H ions).

Question 12

What cells seperate the blood from the glomerular filtrate?

Answer 12

podocytes

Question 13

What is formed by the glomerulus and the Bowman’s Capsule?

Answer 13

Renal Corpuscle

Question 14

What cells are found between endothelial cells and the basal lamina, and control filtration rate and remove debris?

Answer 14

Mesangial

Question 15

what are the three parts of the glomerular filter?

Answer 15

• The fenestrated endothelium of the capillary wall.
• The thick basement membrane (shared by endothelium and podocyte).
• The filtration slits between pedicels

Question 16

What type of cells is the proximal convoluted tubule lined with?

Answer 16

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium with Microvilli

Question 17

what are the loops of thin walled blood vessels that dip down into the medulla from above and then climb back up to the cortex

Answer 17

vasa recta

Question 18

What type of cells is the distal convoluted tubule lined with?

Answer 18

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium (no microvilli)

Question 19

what controls reabsorption of Na+ in the distal tubule?

Answer 19

aldosterone which is secreted by the adrenal cortex

Question 20

What senses Na+ content of the fluid in the distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 20

macula densa

Question 21

What are modified smooth muscle cells in the wall of the afferent arteriole that contain and excrete renin?

Answer 21

Juxtaglomerular Cells

Question 22

What specialised epithelium lines the urinary tract and is stratified (3-6 cell layers)

Answer 22

Urothelium (Transitional Epithelium)

Question 23

what are the 3 components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Answer 23

Macula densa
Juxtaglomerular cells
Extraglomerular mesagnial cells

Question 24

How is the aldosterone secretion controlled to result in greater sodium and water retention therefore increasing blood pressure?

Answer 24

Renin-angiotensin system