H10 - Blood Flashcards
What is hempoiesis?
- formation of cellular components and blood cells
Whare the different types of stem cells and their property?
totipotent - can from all cell types plus extra embryonic tissue
pluripotent - can form all functional cell types of the animal
multipotent - can give rise to a restricted set of cell types
committed progenitor cells - produce only one cell type
What is the other name for red blood cells?
erythrocytes
What is a reticulocyte?
immature red blood cell which contains granules that develop into erythrocytes through haemoglobin production and the extrusion on the nucleus
What are the two divisions of white blood cells?
granulocytes - neutrophils, esophils, basophils (collectively leukocytes)
agranulocytes - lymphocytes, monocytes
What are the definitive properties of neutrophils?
- contains granules but stain badly
- prominent multi-lobed nucleus
- circulate in an inactive state but in the presence of bacteria they enter the tissue where they digest bacteria
What are the definitive properties of eosinphils?
- granules have affinity for eosin dye
- released from bone marrow and circulate in the body and then move into the spleen/lymph nodes
- maintain inflammation usually during allergic reactions
- bilobed nucleus
What are the definitive properties of basophils?
- granules have affinity to basic dyes
- act as effector cells in allergic reactions
- bilobed but obscured by granules
What cells are found in bone marrow and blood which act as precursors for macrophages and have a kidney shaped nuclues ?
monocytes
What are the definitive properties of lymphocytes?
- round nucleus
- thin moderate cytoplasm
- no visible granules
What is the difference between T cells and B cells?
t cells - arise in bone marrow and differentiate in thymus and are a complex set of cells that perform many defence functions
b cells - arise and differentiate in the bone marrow and give rise to anti-body secreting plasma cells
Where are platelets produced and what produces them?
produced by large cells in bone marrow by megakaryotes
What are the definitive properties of platelets ?
- no nucleus
- adhere to the site of damage, aggregate and degranulate
- activate the production of fibrin that participates in clot formation
