GS&GG Bk4 - Global Systems

Question 1

What is the IMF (International Monetary Fund)?

Answer 1

Organisation of 188 countries who work to promote financial cooperation between countries to reduce poverty
- promotion of trade and higher employment

Question 2

What is the UN (United Nations)?

Answer 2

Known as the ‘Guardian of international peace, security and human rights’
> promotes the development of poorer nations through work with the IMF and World Bank

Question 3

What is the WTO?

Answer 3

World Trade Organisation
- deals in the rules of trade between countries ensuring trade flows freely

Question 4

What is the World Bank?

Answer 4

Important source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries, its main aim is to reduce poverty

Question 5

What are TNCs?

Answer 5

Trans-national Corporations
- a global company which operates in more than one country
- HICs headquarters and LIC factories

Question 6

What is the IPCC?

Answer 6

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Question 7

Advantages of world trade organisations? (2 key)

Answer 7

1. Incr trade routes
2. Reduction in conflict

Question 8

Disadvantages of world trade organisations?

Answer 8

1. Exploitation of NEEs and LICs
2. Carob footprint
3. Conflict through disagreement
4. Balanced and democratic?

Question 9

What are the 3 characteristics of World Trade Oganisations?

Answer 9

1. A global market
2. Many countries competing (economic + political)
3. Three tiers of countries (LICs/NEEs/HICs)

Question 10

WORLD TRADE ORGANISATIONS?
1. What is overseen by them?
2. When was it set up?
3. How many member countries?

Answer 10

1. International trade and access to markets
2. 1995
3. 160 member countries

Question 11

IMF

1. Role?
2. What do they do?
3. What types of assistance are provided?
4. What does it use to achieve this?
5. How does it gain financial resources?
6. Staff? Members? Managing director?

Answer 11

1. Oversea the global financial institutions
2. Provides loans > prevent global economic crisis
3. Financial + technical assistance provided
4. Provides loans to stabilise BofP
5. Draws financial resources from quota subscriptions from members
6. Staff (2300) + 180 members + European managing director

Question 12

WORLD BANKS

1. What does it promote?
2. What does it encourage?
3. What does it provide?
4. How does it aquire financial resources?
5. Key thing it does?
6. Staff? Countries? President?

Answer 12

1. Economic development in LICs
2. Start up private enterprises in LICs
3. IDA (International Development Assistance) provides interest free loans
4. Borrowing on the international bond market
5. Provides long term investment loans for projects with the aim of reducing poverty
6. Staff (700), 185 countries + always an American President

Question 13

Criticisms of the IMF and World Bank? (3)

Answer 13

1. Top down development
2. Sanctions get imposed > poorest impacted the most
3. Political issues e.g. Trump

Question 14

What are the issues associated with interdependence due to world trade? (6)

Answer 14

1. Unequal flows of global systems
2. international labour markets
3. Outsourcing
4. Inequality issues
5. Inequalities between countries
6. Geopolitical issues

Question 15

What are the positives of labour movement? (5)

Answer 15

1. Remittance to origin country
2. Incr pool of labour for host country
3. More skills brought to the host country
4. Lift in the country
   - multiplier effect
   - taxes (revenue)
5. Seasonal workers
   - agricultural industry

Question 16

Negatives of labour movement?

Answer 16

1. Loss of domestic money through remittances (host)
2. Incr inequalities (host)
   - homelessness
3. Loss of workforce (origin)
4. Density issues > unbalanced structure
   - age + gender > birth rate
5. Brain drain (origin)
   - NHS (Australia)
6. Conflict > stereotypes
7. Exploitation of workers

Question 17

What are the two measures of inequality issues (spatially) and what do they mean?

Answer 17

1. GLOBAL SCALE
   - differences between HICs and LICs and whether the difference is increasing or decreasing
2. NATIONAL SCALE
   - inequality in incomes that exists within each country and how this is being affected by globalisation

Question 18

What are some of the indicators of level of income and development in a country? (3)

Answer 18

1. GNI per capita
2. Human Asset Index
3. Economic Vulnerability Index

Question 19

What are LICs?

Answer 19

Poorest and most economically weak of all developing countries

Question 20

What are the reasons for inequality globally and nationally? (17)

Answer 20

1. Economic variations (growth)
2. Distribution of wealth
3. War + conflict
4. Corruption
5. Opportunities of trade > natural resources
6. Location e.g. landlocked or coastal
7. Political systems
8. Features e.g. rivers
9. Climate > climate change
10. Social > health, education = political decisions
11. Colonialism (past) > dictatorship
12. Technology
13. Infrastructure
14. Migration > policy + remittance
15. TNCs
16. Natural disasters
17. Tourism

Question 21

What do 0 and 1 mean for inequality in terms of the Gini coefficient?

Answer 21

0 - equality
1 - complete inequality

Question 22

Causes of inequality? (6)

Answer 22

1. Location > gov polices + spatial divide
2. Transport systems > levelling up HS2
3. Natural environment > tourism, climate, coastal, seasonal
4. Social / population structures
5. Technology / overseas investment
6. Tax abroad

Question 23

Causes of conflict? > geopolitical issues (5)

Answer 23

1. Religion
2. Greed
3. Issues related to colonialism
4. Natural resources
5. Political imbalance

Question 24

What are some examples of social movements? (2)

Answer 24

1. Black Lives Matter
2. The ‘me too’ movement > looking at gender balance