CUE - RIO CASE STUDY Flashcards
Where is Rio situated?
On Brazil’s Atlantic Coast - 23 degrees S and 43 degrees W
What is the total area of Rio (+ island + continental waters)?
1,255km squared
What is the width and length of Rio?
Width 70km
Length 44km
How many Administrative Regions and Districts are there in Rio?
Administrative Regions = 32
Districts = 159
What are the names of the 2 key rivers in Rio and the key lagoon?
Rivers
- Cabuçu
- Piraquê
Lagoon
- jacarepaguá
What are the 3 divisions of Rio’s coastline?
- Guanabara Bay
- The Atlantic Ocean
- Sepetiba Bay
What is the distance of coastline which Rio has?
24,622 km long
CLIMATE
1. What type of climate does Rio have and what is this due to?
2. Give an explanation of the climate
3. What is the average temperature + max high temperatures
4. What does average annual rainfall vary between?
5. In summer months, what occurs which causes a change in temperature
- Tropical due to the TRF
- It is warm and humid with exceptions due to altitude, vegetation + closeness to the ocean
- Average = 30s (high = 40s)
- 1,200 and 2,800 mm
- Heavy and rapid rains which decreased the temperature
Is it the capital of Brazil (if not what is)? And when did it change
No
Now Brasilia
1960
What infrastructure/ events demonstrate that Rio is a world city?
- 50 museums
- Rio carnival (2mil people per day on the streets)
- Tourism (Christ the Redeemer)
- UNESCO World Heritage Site
- Staged football World Cup 2014
- Staged 2016 Olympics
- Industry (major trading port)
- 5 ports, 3 airports
- main service industries are banking, finance, insurance
- 2nd most industrialised area in Brazil
What % of Brazils GDP is generated in Rio?
5%
What was the population of the city and the surrounding area of Rio in 2014?
City = 6.5 mill
Surrounding area = 12.5 mil
Which sectors have grown rapidly in the last 50 years in Rio? (4)
- industrial
- administrative
- commercial
- tourist
Who and what are the reasons for Rio having a more racially mixed population?
- other South American countries e.g. Argentina + Bolivia
- South Korea and China > new business opportunities
- Portugal > former colonial power (main ethnic group)
- skilled workers form USA and UK
When did major migration begin in Rio as industrialisation attracted new migrant populations?
1920s
What growth rate was seen between 1940 and 1960 due to immigration movements + high fertility rates?
3%
When was migration at its highest and what % of the population was people originating from outside the city?
1940s and 50s
38%
What % of growth occurred when the population was 3,281,100 in 1960s to 4,261,928 in 1970?
30%
What occurred from the mid-90s which caused a shift in Rio?
It regained economic importance which had a big impact on demographic patterns > Rio maintained stability with population dynamics
What are the physical conditions of the North Zone of Rio + infrastructure examples?
The industrial part of Rio including the port (docks and warehouses), airport and main football stadium (the Maracanã). Low quality housing with poor services dominate towards the periphery
What are the physical conditions of the Centro Zone of Rio + infrastructure examples?
The oldest part of Rio.
The historic centre including the Imperial Palace and Cathedral. Retailing and tall office blocks dominate. Some of Brazil’s largest organisations have their headquarters here including Petrobas (Brazils largest Oil company).
What are the physical conditions of the West Zone of Rio + infrastructure examples?
The most modern area of Rio including Jacarepagua and Barra de Tijuca (it was formerly a ‘lower class’ area, but is now associated with luxury apartment blocks, shopping malls, new motorways and tourist facilities > example of urban resurgence. The main Olympic stadiums and competitor village were located here.
What are the physical conditions of the South Zone of Rio + infrastructure examples?
The most socially and economically polarised area of Rio, Rocinha. South Americas largest favelas, overlooks the main beaches, tourist hotels and high-rise luxury apartments. (These flats represent South Americas wealthiest postcode, protected by security entrances with CCTV, alarm systems and 24-hour security guards).
What physical landscapes of Rio, have caused the development of certain infrastructure/industries in these ares + examples?
Flat area > bay for industry and trading
Mountainous areas > restricted area
Steep slopes > location of favelas (marginal land)
South zone vs west zone % pregnant females receiving medical care (vs Rio as a whole)
South - 100%
West - 60%
Rio - 74%
Example of a solution to issues with healthcare
One of the Favelas has a pop of 8,000 but is 13km away from the nearest hospital so have utilised home visitors to detect and treat 20 different diseases
What is an issue with eduction and the solution introduced?
Compulsory (6-14 years) > many drop out and some get involved in drug trafficking
Solution:
- local people volunteer in schools
- school grants to lower income families - help to meet the cost
- pay for PE lessons - volleyball etc
- opening private universities in Rocinha favela
Issues with water and solutions introduced?
12% no access to running water (37% lost through leaking pipes, fraud and illegal access)
Solutions:
- 7 new treatment plans (1998-2014)
- 300km of new pipes
- by 2014 > 95% of pop had a mains water supply
Energy challenges and solutions?
Frequent blackouts due to electricity shortages > demands of growing population and Olympics making the situation worse
+ people tapping into the supply
Solutions:
- 60km of new power lines
- new nuclear generator is being built
- HEP > incr 30% (6yrs to build at a cost of US$2 billion)
Solutions to crime in Rio?
2013
- UPP’s (Pacifying Police Units) were setup to tackle the drug issues in the favelas
- police have taken control of the crime-dominated favelas
Give some statistics representing unemployment levels in Rio
- deep recession in 2015
- protests about high taxes, poor education, and inadequate healthcare
- 1% of pop earns 12% of total income
- income of poorest 50% = 13% of total
- unemployment in favelas = 20% (informal economy)
Schemes to improve Rio
- New Towns
- e.g. Barra da Tijuca built to relocate some residents from city favelas - Sustainable strategies to improve QofL
- Favela Bairro Project > to improve favelas and upgrade them. Improve facilities e.g. electricity, sewage systems, rubbish collection and public transport - Self help schemes
- residents provided with building materials e.g. concrete and cement in order to replace home-made shelters with permanent dwellings - Legal rights
- granting favela residents rights to their own properties > low rents have also been offered
% of Christian’s in Brazil
86%
Education stats
- 2,400 unis (10% publicly funded + 90% private unis or run by charitable organisations)
- only 11% of working age have a degree
Literacy rates for Brazilians aged 15-24
98.9%
Brazilian fertility rate
1.77 per woman
Examples of improved infrastructure for the Olympics
- 150km of bus rapid transit (BRT) lines
- extending metro line to connect Major Olympic sites with downtown area and international airport
Examples of the Olympic factor which is driving regeneration
Economic
- addition of 6 new metro stations > 1,100,000 passengers daily
Social
- 300 capacity gymnasium R$1.1mil and benefit 6,000 kids from the neighbourhood
- expand public access to sport
- Olympic village centres > R$12 mil investment > involve 300,000 young people
Info about Rio’s waste
Issues
- disease, pests, and contamination of soil, air and water (Guanabara Bay)
- only 10,000 tonnes of waste is collected (mostly goes into landfill as most recycling happen beforehand informally)
Solutions
- waste pick up from 88 neighbourhoods (2014) instead of only 42 neighbourhoods (2010) > only 3.7% of all waste
- improve awareness
