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Geography Human > CUE - LONDON CASE STUDY > Flashcards

CUE - LONDON CASE STUDY Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the example for suburbanisation in London?

A

Surbiton

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2
Q

What is the example for counter urbanisation in London?

A

St Ives Cambridgeshire into London

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3
Q

What is the example for urban resurgence in London (UDC)?

A

London Dockland Development Corporation

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4
Q

What is the example of urban form (gentrification) in London?

A

Notting Hill, the concept of the post modern-modern western city

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5
Q

What is the example of urban drainage in London?

A

The Olympic Park (green roofs)

Herne Hill High Line Project South London (rain gardens)

Church street in Paddington Green (small-scale drainage scheme

Bethnal Green

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6
Q

What is an example of sustainable urban development in London?

A

BedZed

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7
Q

What is an example of waste disposal in London?

A

Borough exercise (Boris Johnson)

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8
Q

Which river is London located on?

A

The River Thames

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9
Q

How many square km does London cover?

A

1,579 square km

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10
Q

What are the 2 key facts about the River Thames and its tributaries?

A
  • tributaries are underground
  • its a tidal river
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11
Q

What has been build to reduce the River Thames flooding?

A

The Thames River Barrier

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12
Q

What impact has the few hills (none more than a few hundred feet high) on Londons development?

A

None

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13
Q

What is the climate of London?

A

Temperate maritime with generally moderate temperatures

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14
Q

Average summer high temps for London

A

21-24 degrees Celsius

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15
Q

Why does London not regularly have significant rainfall?

A

Urban Heat Island Effect

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16
Q

Average winter high temperatures in London

A

5-8 degrees Celsius

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17
Q

Average annual temp in London

A

11.1 degrees Celsius

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18
Q

Average annual rainfall in London

A

621mm

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19
Q

POLLUTION AND AIR QUALITY

  1. In the first half of the 20th century, what was London Known for
  2. What has improved Londons air quality? (4)
  3. What is still being breached even though precautions are being taken?
A
  1. High levels of smog
    • Clean Air Act (1956)
    • Greener buses
    • taxi age limits
    • (U)LEZ
  3. Nitrogen dioxide levels
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20
Q

In the UK compared to in Kensington and Chelsea, what % of deaths of over 25s are linked to air pollution?

A

UK = 5.3%

Kensington and Chelsea = 8.3%

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21
Q

Due to the Urban Heat Island Effect, how many degrees warmer is central London than the surrounding area?

A

10 degrees Celsius

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22
Q

What are 3 of the issues of warmer temperatures (UHIE) in London?

A
  1. Threatens to homes and workplace
  2. Greater consumption of energy + water
  3. Danger to health
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23
Q

What are the 5 sources of flooding within London?

A
  1. Tidal
  2. Fluvial
  3. Surface
  4. Sewer
  5. Groundwater
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24
Q

What % of London is on a floodplain and what services in this area will be effected (how many of each)?

A

15%

49 railway stations
75 underground stations
10 hospitals

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25
Q

How does climate change and Londons UHIE further aggregate the issue of warmer temperature which lead to a lack of sustainability?

A

It would lead to extremely high demands in Londons power supply network and subsequent ‘brown outs’ due to the high cooling demand. Future increases in electricity demand for cooling would affects London’s sustainability

26
Q

What can be used to reduce London’s risk of flooding naturally due to increasing intensity and regularity of precipitation and storms due to climate change? (5)

A
  1. Green space
  2. Green roofs
  3. Permeable surfacing
  4. Sustainable drainage systems (SUDS)
  5. Resistant and Resilient development
27
Q

What are the 3 main types of flooding than impact London? + why

A
  1. Fluvial (river)
  2. Tidal (ocean)
  3. Surface water (impermeable surfaces)
28
Q

What key historic information about London leads to an increased risk of flooding?

A

The extensive Victorian drainage system isn’t able to cope with increasing demand

29
Q

What is expected to occur to London’s rainfall in the future due to climate change?

What % is it expected to increase by in winters by 2080?

What % is it expected to decrease by in summers by 2080?

A

Expected to become more seasonal

26%

29%

30
Q

What is the term for dealing with the consequences of climate change?

A

Adaptation

31
Q

What are some of the methods used in London for dealing with the consequences of climate change? (3)

A
  • improving resilience to flooding
  • modifying our buildings so they remain cool during hotter months
  • reducing our water use to tackle drought
32
Q

What type of adaptation must be done to make sure the benefits are maximised and the costs to services and people are minimised?

A

Proactive adaptation (much cheaper than retrospective actions and disaster recovery)

33
Q

What are some examples of

A
34
Q

What are some of the Urban sustainability strategies adopted in London linked to Social Developments? (3 key)

A
  1. Urban renewal has brought economic investments + growth to areas previously suffering due to urban decline
    E.g. Olympic regeneration in NewHam has provided additional social housing, leisure facilities and investment into education (Queen Elizabeth Park)
  2. Focus on eduction through the London Challenge initiative (to improve outcomes at a faster rate than nationally - do better in schools)
  3. In NewHam > Every Child Programme > offers chance to learn a musical instrument or take part in cultural events + universal free school meals
    > increase greater attainment + better health
35
Q

What are some of the Urban sustainability strategies adopted in London linked to Economic Developments? (3)

A
  1. London Living Wage - enough for essentials + cushion for unforeseen circumstances (not mandatory) > 10,000 London families lifted out of poverty
  2. Cross Rail opened in 2018 (10% increase in Londons rail based network) > increased sustainable transport + cheaper travel
  3. Borough level > Workplace in NewHam (free advice on employment options + training)
    E.g. since 2017 NewHam has supported 20,000 residents + helped more than 9,000 businesses fill vacancies
36
Q

What are some of the Urban sustainability strategies adopted in London linked to Environmental Developments? (4)

A
  1. Congestion charge in 2003
  2. Green transport policies
    E.g.
    - Routemaster > Green electric hybrid engines
    - 8 hydrogen fuel buses
    - >1,400 charge points for electric vehicles
    - 2018 zero emission taxis
  3. ULEZ 2020
  4. Cycle Highways (Boris Bikes) > incr cycling by 173% by 2001
37
Q

In response to the UHI effect in London, what % of green cover has been set as a target by 2030?

A

5%

38
Q

What is the key Urban sustainability strategy adopted in London linked to Urban Governance?

A
  1. The role of the Mayor of London was created under the Greater London Authority Act 1999 as part of the government’s commitment to restore a city-wide government for London
39
Q

What type of city is London classed as?

A

A World City

40
Q

What is the population density of London?

A

Around 5,200 per sq km

41
Q

How many tourists visit annually and how much is spent in London due to tourism?

A

16 million

£3.3 Bn

42
Q

When were the Olympic Games in London which led to huge regeneration of formerly run-down areas?

A

2012

43
Q

What was the population of London in 2015 compared to the estimated population of 2039?

A

2015 = 8.3 mil

2039 = 10.2 mil

44
Q

What borough has grown in London between 1939 and 2015 (+ figures) and what borough has shrunk?

A

Growth = Hillingdon
1939 > 159,000
2015 > 289,000

Shrunk = Islington
1939 > 343,000
2015 > 221,000

45
Q

What % of London is now of black of ethnic minority origins?

A

44%

46
Q

How many languages are spoken in London?

A

More than 30

47
Q

How many non-indigenous communities are there in London and what is it the total population of them?

A

50 communities

10,000+

48
Q

What is the quote linked to London which shows its long history of immigration?

A

“The world under one roof”

49
Q

When did The Empire Windrush start in London?

A

1948

50
Q

What are the 2 pictures of London shown through inequality?

A
  1. Booming centre of global finance and home to many of the world’s rich
  2. A city with high levels of poverty and deprivation
51
Q

Between 2012/13 and 2015/16…

  1. the income of someone in the top 10% of earners would earn how many times more than someone in the bottom 10% of earners?
  2. What % of the top earners earned more than the bottom 50% of earners?
  3. Who in the categories of low income, median income and top income have seen wage increases since 2011?
A
  1. 8 times more
  2. 10%
  3. Only the lowest 10% of earners. The median and top 10% saw a decline in wages
52
Q

What % of London’s wealth is earned just from the top 10% of earners?

A

50%

53
Q

How much of London’s wealth is earned from the bottom 50% of earners?

A

5%

54
Q

What % drop of wealth have the bottom 10% of people (wealth) in London seen in the last 2 years compared to Great Britain?

A

Bottom 10% = 32% of wealth

Great Britain = 2%

55
Q

ETHNICITY

  1. What % of Londoners are from BME backgrounds, compared to 10% in the rest of England?
  2. What % of London employees of Bangladeshi and Pakistani ethnicity are paid below the London Living Wage?

+ how many more times this value is the rate for White British employees

A
  1. 41%
  2. 46%
    2x more
56
Q

MIGRANTS

  1. What % of Londoners were born outside the UK and what is the figure for the rest of England?
  2. How many people moved to London from outside the Uk in 2014/15 and what is the figure in the previous 2 years?
  3. In how many London boroughs are pupils who do not speak English as a first language, more likely to achieve GCSE’s than those who do?
A
  1. 38% Londoners
    11% rest of England
  2. 2014/15 = 220,000 people
    Previous 2 years = 170,000
  3. 22
57
Q

CHILDREN

  1. What % of Londons children live below the poverty line and why is this value significant?
  2. What % of London’s homeless households in temporary accommodation contain children and how many children does this equate to?
  3. Do pupils in London’s state funded schools outperform or underperform their peers in the rest of England?
A
  1. 37% and because this is a higher proportion than any other age group
  2. 82%
    45,000 children
  3. Outperform
58
Q

PENSIONERS (OVER 65)

  1. What % of Londoners are >85?
  2. What % are aged over 65 in outer London?
  3. What % are aged over 65 in inner London?
  4. What % of London’s pensioners live below the poverty line + what % down from a decade ago
  5. The rest of Englands % of pensioners under the poverty line
  6. What % of pensioners in the inner city live below the poverty line?
A
  1. Less than 2%
  2. 13%
  3. 9%
  4. 19%, down from 21% a decade ago
  5. 14%
  6. 23%
59
Q

HOUSING

  1. What % of London’s households live in the private rented sector (highest proportion since 1970s)
  2. What % of new homes completed in 2015/16 were “affordable”?
  3. How many affordable homes were built in 2015/16 compared to targets?
  4. What % of earnings were 72% of renters paying for inner city rents? + what is this compared to England %
  5. Why has the affordable housing built decreased?
A
  1. 27%
  2. 24%
  3. 6,700 instead of 17,000
  4. 72%
    England = 29%
  5. As more wealthy people want to move in, affordable housing e.g. in Bexley is being demolished and converted into other forms of accommodation
60
Q

EQUAL LIFE - CHANCES FOR ALL (revised June 2014)

  1. What is it + aims
  2. Examples of parts involved + the achievements
A
  1. An approach that aims to bring Londoners together rather than dividing them. The framework promotes outcomes for a diverse range of communities and seeks to bring real changes to the quality of life for all Londoners
    • 4 year affordable homes scheme worth over £4bn (250,000 Londoners)
    • Incr London Living wage to £8.80 hr (+£0.25)
    • Publishing Londons first Police and Crime Plan
    • hosting Olympic and Paralympic Games 2012
    • Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park
    • ‘Know Your Rights’ campaign (benefits)
    • 2012 100,000 apprenticeship places
61
Q

NEED TO ADD NOTTING HILL, OLYMPIC PARK, SURBITON, ST IVES CAMBRIDGESHIRE, CITY CHALLENGE + URBAN DOCKLAND CORPORATION + LANDFILL KEY EXAMPLE + WATER??? - elsewhere in UK

A

Geography Human (22 decks)

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