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Geography Human > CUE Bk5 - Urban Drainage > Flashcards

CUE Bk5 - Urban Drainage Flashcards

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1
Q

What % of the global population are in areas where storm intensity, regularity and frequency is a problem?

A

> 50%

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2
Q

Impacts on urban hydrology (factors below) due to urbanised areas?
1. Total run off
2. Frequency of flooding
3. Peak discharge
4. Seasonal variations
5. Base/normal flow

A
  1. Incr > impervious surfaces
  2. Higher as shorter lag time + incr ‘flashy’ nature
  3. Higher (seasonal variation) more of a range and change in rural
  4. Less varied in urban areas (stable), rural more extremes in vegetation
  5. Limited variation
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3
Q

Hard engineering definition?

A

Artificial structures to work against natural processes

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4
Q

Soft engineering definition?

A

Working with natural processes, often seen as a sustainable approach

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5
Q

What are the 4 hard engineering strategies for rivers?

A
  • river straightening
  • levees/embankments
  • diversion split way (flood relief channels)
  • river channelisation
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6
Q

What are the 4 soft engineering strategies for rivers?

A
  • afforestation
  • river bank conservation
  • flood plain zoning
  • river restoration
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7
Q

How does river straightening work as a form of river management?

A

Straightens river, incr velocity of water and therefore, incr discharge due to less friction
Poor environmental choice
Habitat loss

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8
Q

How does levees/ embankments work as a form of river management?

A

Incr height of banks and so, water can incr without breaking banks + therefore decreased likelihood of flooding
Incr volume of water can be held at the given points

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9
Q

How does diversion split ways work as a form of river management?

A

Only used during floods
Open a gate to temporarily hold flood water

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10
Q

How does river channelisation work as a form of river management?

A

Lining river channels > incr velocity

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11
Q

How does afforestation work as a form of river management?

A

Planting trees
- incr interception + evaporation
- roots take up water and hold soil in place

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12
Q

How does river bank conservation work as a form of river management?

A

Planting vegetation along the river > prevents erosion of river banks (lateral)

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13
Q

How does flood plain zoning work as a form of river management?

A

Low value land use closest to river > allowed to flood naturally e.g. pastures + fields

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14
Q

How does river straightening work as a form of river management?

A

Allowing it to return to its natural habitat and course

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15
Q

What does SUDS stand for?

A

Sustainable urban drainage system

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16
Q

What are SUDS?

A

A sequence of water management practises and facilities designed to drain surface water in a manner that will provide a more sustainable approach than the conventional practise of routing runoff through a pipe to a water source. It is important to deal with both the amount and quality of the water.

17
Q

What is a bund (or catch pit) linked to SUDS?

A

A secondary containment system designed to prevent fuel lost from the tank escaping into the environment. Bunds may be constructed from masonry or concrete to contain a single-skin oil storage tank and must be able to hold at least 110% of the tank’s contents should a leak or overpill occur.

18
Q

What are the 7 key interventions linked to SUDS?
+ brief explanation of what they are

A
  1. Permeable surfaces
  2. Swales (wide shallow drainage channels that are normally dry)
  3. Bioretention basins (gravel+/or sand filtration layers beneath read beds - store + filter dirty water + improve quality)
  4. Infiltration trenches (gravel/sand strips)
  5. Detention basins (holding prongs for storage during floods
  6. Shallow landscaped depressions planted with flowers + shrubs
  7. Green roofs
19
Q

What are swales linked to SUDS?

A

Wide shallow drainage channels that are normally dry

20
Q

What are bioretention basins linked to SUDS?

A

Gravel +/or sand filtration layers beneath read beds - store + filter dirty water > improve water quality

21
Q

What are infiltration trenches linked to SUDS?

A

Gravel/sand strips

22
Q

What are detention basins linked to SUDS?

A

Holding ponds for storage during floods

23
Q

What are the 3 types of control?

A
  • source control
  • site control
  • regional control
24
Q

Negatives of SUDS? (4)

A
  1. Careful selection > could incr spread of pollution > old industrial areas + brown field sites
  2. Difficult to fit retrospectively
  3. Has to be small scale due to existing land use
  4. Potentially high cost
25
Q

NEED TO MAKE MIND MAP ON CASE STUDY

21/02/24

A

Geography Human (22 decks)

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