Group 6i - Energy and the Architectural Fenestration Industry, Part 1: Minimizing Energy Loss Flashcards
Four component categories focused on making buildings effective integrators for the use and production of energy, toward the goal of Net Zero Energy Buildings include:
Building Technologies Solar Transportation Locally sourced materials Recycling Distributed Energy
Building Technologies
Solar
Transportation
Distributed Energy
Distributed Energy refers to:
Adding petroleum fuel distribution
Electrical circuitry and wiring
Combined heat and power technologies
Combined heat and power technologie
Solar in the context of net zero energy buildings refers to:
Photovoltaics only
Solar hot water only
Photovoltaics and solar hot water
Photovoltaics and hydrogen fuel cells
Photovoltaics and solar hot water
The transportation component of net zero energy refers to
fuel cells
hydrogen infrastructure
plug-in hybrids
all of the above
all of the above
Regarding net-zero energy buildings - the term ‘building technologies’ refers to:
efficiency technologies
Media and information technology wiring and hardware
materials’ embodied energy
building integration
efficiency technologies
and
building integration
(embodied energy is an important sustainability factor but not a part of net-zero energy buildings)
Over __ percent of a commercial building’s energy consumption can be affected by the fenestration and exterior envelope design in one way or another.
15
35
50
70
50%
Which of the following represent ways that fenestration can effect changes to a commercial building’s energy consumption:
A. Low U-factors - less heating/cooling loss
B. glass selection - lower cooling loads
C. recycled aluminum - less energy in production
D. natural light - reduce the lighting load
E. unitized curtain walls - less air loss
F. operable windows - allow natural ventilation (vs HVAC).
A. Low U-factors - less heating/cooling loss
B. glass selection - lower cooling loads
D. natural light - reduce the lighting load
F. operable windows - allow natural ventilation (vs HVAC).
Today, buildings consume __percent of our nation’s energy and __ percent of all electricity.
50 / 80
30/ 20
40 / 70
60 / 40
40 / 70
Previously, DOE’s target was to reduce
energy usage in buildings by __ percent for new
buildings and __ percent for existing buildings by 2010.
50 / 80
30/ 20
40 / 70
60 / 40
30/ 20
The Building Technologies Program has set strategic
goals to reduce energy by __%, compared to a 2010
baseline.
50
30
40
60
50%
A ______ building is a residential or commercial building with greatly reduced needs for energy through efficiency gains (meaning 60 to 70 percent less than conventional practice).
LEED platinum certified
net zero energy
energy star certified
Passive haus
net zero energy
A ‘quad’ of energy is equivalent to ____ million barrels of oil.
100
400
862
238
862
Energy loss in the fenestration industry is about: air infiltration embodied energy heat gain heat loss visible light transfer
air infiltration
heat gain
heat loss
Fenestration products are affected by three forms of
heat transfer:
convection induction conduction convolution radiation
convection, conduction and radiation.
While not a method of heat transfer, __________
generally decreases the overall performance of fenestration products by accelerating thermal heat transfer.
air infiltration
___________ in fenestration is caused by warmer, low density gases rising above cooler more dense air within the air cavities.
convection induction conduction convolution radiation
Convection
_________reduces the convective air currents within the air space of the insulating glass unit.
Single-panel glazing Aerogel wall panels Optimally spacing air cavities Inert (argon, krypton) gas fill in panels Thermally-broken frames
Optimally spacing air cavities
filling the insulating glass units with argon or krypton gases
____________is the spontaneous transfer of thermal energy through matter from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature and hence acts to even out temperature differences.
convection induction conduction convolution radiation
conduction
Heat loss via conduction is reduced by:
Single-panel glazing Optimally spacing air cavities Warm edge spacers Glazing coatings Inert (argon, krypton) gas fill in panels Thermally-broken frames
Thermally-broken frames
Warm edge spacers
__________ can affect fenestration products by both
inward and outward acting energy sources - solar energy enters from the outside as light _______
while Indoor heat is lost as infrared
________.
convection induction conduction air infiltration radiation
radiation
Heat loss and gain also occur by means of ________ through cracks within the fenestration product. Impacts can vary depending on wind-driven and temperature-driven pressure changes acting upon the product.
convection induction conduction air infiltration radiation
air infiltration
Air infiltration can be addressed by: tight-fitting gaskets and adequate weatherstripping thermally broken frames low-tolerance, locking hardware low-E glazing sashes with adequate weather-stripping Warm edge spacers Inert (argon, krypton) gas fill in panels
tight-fitting gaskets and adequate weatherstripping
low-tolerance, locking hardware
sashes with adequate weather-stripping
The ________ of an assembly is defined as the total heat transfer coefficient of the fenestration system, in Watts per square meter per degree Celsius, or BTUs per hour per square foot per degree Fahrenheit
SHGC
U-factor
R-value
Emissivity
u-factor
U-factor represents the heat flow per hour, in
Watts through each square meter or BTUs per hour
through each square foot of fenestration product for a
____ degree difference between the indoor and outdoor air temperature.
ten
two
one
fifteen
one
U-factor is the ______ of R-value (resistance to heat
transfer).
opposite casual form reciprocal equivalent mortal enemy
reciprocal
With few exceptions, the thermal performance of
fenestration products is always indicated by ______.
SHGC
U-factor
R-value
Emissivity
U-factor
Some of the improvements applied to the glass for better thermal performance include :
(4)
tints
tight-fitting gaskets and adequate weatherstripping
low-tolerance, locking hardware
low-E coatings
sashes with adequate weather-stripping
Warm edge spacers
Inert (argon, krypton) gas fill in panels
tints
low-E coatings
Warm edge spacers
Inert (argon, krypton) gas fill in panels
_________occurs when the interior surface temperature of the aluminum drops below the interior
dew point or frost point.
A leak
frost
sweat
condensation
Condensation is the correct answer, but
the same is true for both frost and sweat
Condensation moisture or “sweat” that accumulates on the interior surfaces of aluminum windows is in part due to the high ________ through aluminum products.
convection induction conduction air infiltration radiation
conduction
The combination of having no thermal barrier with clear insulating glass results typical of the 1970s and early 1980s had a U-factor _____.
over 0.85
over 0.60
around 0.45
around 0.30
over 0.60
In the 1990s, a thermal barrier paired with
low-E glazing would yield a U-factor ____. Using a larger or dual thermal barrier with a Low-E glazing on surface #2, warm-edge spacer and argon gas
produces a U-factor of ____.
over 0.85 / over 0.60
over 0.60 / about 0.35
around 0.45 / about 0.35
near 0.35 / under 0.2
around 0.45 / about 0.35
A dual thermal barrier with a Low-E glazing on surface #2, warm-edge spacer and argon gas, PLUS, a hard coat low-E coating to the #4 surface will result in a U-factor of ____
Under 0.60
around 0.45
near 0.35
under 0.20
near 0.35
Examples of frame features that provide fundamental improvements in minimizing energy loss include:
Aluminum non-thermal profiles
Profiles with poured and de-bridged thermal barriers
Profiles with polyamide strip thermal barriers
Profiles with integral minimal panel bite
Profiles with poured and de-bridged thermal barriers
Profiles with polyamide strip thermal barriers
______ measures how well the glazing infill blocks heat from the sun’s energy. it is the fraction of the heat generated by the sun’s energy that enters through the glazing and is expressed as a dimensionless number from __ to ___. A high value signifies higher heat gain, while a low value means lower heat gain and therefore better efficiency.
SHGC / 0.0 TO 1.0 SHGC / 1.0 to 10 VT / 0.0 TO 1.0 VT / 1.0 TO 10 WTF / 1 TO 100
SHGC / 0.0 TO 1.0
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient
Which window is more energy efficient?
A window with a SHGC of 0.5
A window with a SHGC of 0.7
An open window.
A window with a SHGC of 0.5
____is an optical property that indicates the amount of visible light transmitted through the glazing. It ranges from ____ for highly reflective coatings on tinted glass to above _____ for clear glass.
SHGC / 10% TO >90% SHGC / 1.0 to <10 VT / 10% TO >90% VT / 1.0 TO <10 WTF / 1 TO >100
VT / 10% TO 100%
Visible Transmittance
Three things happen to solar radiation as it passes
through a glazing material; portions of the energy are:
A. transmitted through the glazing to the interior.
B. reflected back to the exterior
C. captured by polyamide thermal barrier
D. absorbed into the frame and the glazing
E. converted into rainbows
A. transmitted through the glazing to the interior.
B. reflected back to the exterior,
D. absorbed into the frame and the glazin
New technology makes it possible to manipulate the
proportion of transmittance, reflectance and absorption for different_______>
A. Seasons
B. Windows
C. Orientations
D. Wavelengths
D. Wavelengths
Visible light transmittance is influenced by what thee criteria for window glazing production:
A. Glazing Type B. Number of Glazing layers C. Type of spacer D. Coatings applied E. U-factor
A. Glazing Type
B. Number of Glazing layers
D. Coatings applied
Quiz Q1:
Since ventilation, lighting, heating and cooling are affected to some degree by fenestration, then ____ of a commercial building’s energy consumption can be affected by the fenestration and exterior envelope design.
over 50%
36%
23%
13%
over 50%
Quiz Q2:
Building are said to consume ___ of the nations energy and __ of all electricity:
20% / 30%
30% / 40%
40% / 50%
50% / 60%
40% / 50%
Study guide sand 40% - 70%
Quiz Q3:
The function of argon gas in an IG unit is to:
reduce convective currents within the space between lites of glass
reduce conductive losses, especially at the glass edges
cut down on radiative losses through the glass
prevent the IG edge sealants from deteriorating
reduce convective currents within the space between lites of glas
Quiz Q4:
To obtain the total heat loss through a window in BTU per hour, the U-factor must be multiplied by :
window area in s.f.
window area in s.f. and degrees of temperature difference been the indoors and outdoors
degrees of temperature difference between inside and outside
the Climate Zone in which the window is installed.
window area in s.f. and degrees of temperature difference been the indoors and outdoors
