Group 6i - Energy and the Architectural Fenestration Industry, Part 1: Minimizing Energy Loss Flashcards

1
Q

Four component categories focused on making buildings effective integrators for the use and production of energy, toward the goal of Net Zero Energy Buildings include:

Building Technologies
Solar
Transportation
Locally sourced materials
Recycling
Distributed Energy
A

Building Technologies
Solar
Transportation
Distributed Energy

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2
Q

Distributed Energy refers to:

Adding petroleum fuel distribution
Electrical circuitry and wiring
Combined heat and power technologies

A

Combined heat and power technologie

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3
Q

Solar in the context of net zero energy buildings refers to:

Photovoltaics only
Solar hot water only
Photovoltaics and solar hot water
Photovoltaics and hydrogen fuel cells

A

Photovoltaics and solar hot water

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4
Q

The transportation component of net zero energy refers to

fuel cells
hydrogen infrastructure
plug-in hybrids
all of the above

A

all of the above

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5
Q

Regarding net-zero energy buildings - the term ‘building technologies’ refers to:

efficiency technologies
Media and information technology wiring and hardware
materials’ embodied energy
building integration

A

efficiency technologies
and
building integration

(embodied energy is an important sustainability factor but not a part of net-zero energy buildings)

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6
Q

Over __ percent of a commercial building’s energy consumption can be affected by the fenestration and exterior envelope design in one way or another.

15
35
50
70

A

50%

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7
Q

Which of the following represent ways that fenestration can effect changes to a commercial building’s energy consumption:

A. Low U-factors - less heating/cooling loss
B. glass selection - lower cooling loads
C. recycled aluminum - less energy in production
D. natural light - reduce the lighting load
E. unitized curtain walls - less air loss
F. operable windows - allow natural ventilation (vs HVAC).

A

A. Low U-factors - less heating/cooling loss
B. glass selection - lower cooling loads
D. natural light - reduce the lighting load
F. operable windows - allow natural ventilation (vs HVAC).

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8
Q

Today, buildings consume __percent of our nation’s energy and __ percent of all electricity.

50 / 80
30/ 20
40 / 70
60 / 40

A

40 / 70

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9
Q

Previously, DOE’s target was to reduce
energy usage in buildings by __ percent for new
buildings and __ percent for existing buildings by 2010.

50 / 80
30/ 20
40 / 70
60 / 40

A

30/ 20

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10
Q

The Building Technologies Program has set strategic
goals to reduce energy by __%, compared to a 2010
baseline.

50
30
40
60

A

50%

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11
Q

A ______ building is a residential or commercial building with greatly reduced needs for energy through efficiency gains (meaning 60 to 70 percent less than conventional practice).

LEED platinum certified
net zero energy
energy star certified
Passive haus

A

net zero energy

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12
Q

A ‘quad’ of energy is equivalent to ____ million barrels of oil.

100
400
862
238

A

862

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13
Q
Energy loss in the fenestration industry is about:
air infiltration
embodied energy
heat gain
heat loss
visible light transfer
A

air infiltration
heat gain
heat loss

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14
Q

Fenestration products are affected by three forms of
heat transfer:

convection
induction
conduction
convolution
radiation
A

convection, conduction and radiation.

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15
Q

While not a method of heat transfer, __________

generally decreases the overall performance of fenestration products by accelerating thermal heat transfer.

A

air infiltration

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16
Q

___________ in fenestration is caused by warmer, low density gases rising above cooler more dense air within the air cavities.

convection
induction
conduction
convolution
radiation
A

Convection

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17
Q

_________reduces the convective air currents within the air space of the insulating glass unit.

Single-panel glazing
Aerogel wall panels
Optimally spacing air cavities 
Inert (argon, krypton) gas fill in panels
Thermally-broken frames
A

Optimally spacing air cavities

filling the insulating glass units with argon or krypton gases

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18
Q

____________is the spontaneous transfer of thermal energy through matter from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature and hence acts to even out temperature differences.

convection
induction
conduction
convolution
radiation
A

conduction

19
Q

Heat loss via conduction is reduced by:

Single-panel glazing
Optimally spacing air cavities 
Warm edge spacers
Glazing coatings
Inert (argon, krypton) gas fill in panels
Thermally-broken frames
A

Thermally-broken frames

Warm edge spacers

20
Q

__________ can affect fenestration products by both
inward and outward acting energy sources - solar energy enters from the outside as light _______
while Indoor heat is lost as infrared
________.

convection
induction
conduction
air infiltration
radiation
21
Q

Heat loss and gain also occur by means of ________ through cracks within the fenestration product. Impacts can vary depending on wind-driven and temperature-driven pressure changes acting upon the product.

convection
induction
conduction
air infiltration
radiation
A

air infiltration

22
Q
Air infiltration can be addressed by:
tight-fitting gaskets and adequate weatherstripping 
thermally broken frames
low-tolerance, locking hardware
low-E glazing
sashes with adequate weather-stripping
Warm edge spacers
Inert (argon, krypton) gas fill in panels
A

tight-fitting gaskets and adequate weatherstripping

low-tolerance, locking hardware

sashes with adequate weather-stripping

23
Q

The ________ of an assembly is defined as the total heat transfer coefficient of the fenestration system, in Watts per square meter per degree Celsius, or BTUs per hour per square foot per degree Fahrenheit

SHGC
U-factor
R-value
Emissivity

24
Q

U-factor represents the heat flow per hour, in
Watts through each square meter or BTUs per hour
through each square foot of fenestration product for a
____ degree difference between the indoor and outdoor air temperature.

ten
two
one
fifteen

25
U-factor is the ______ of R-value (resistance to heat transfer). ``` opposite casual form reciprocal equivalent mortal enemy ```
reciprocal
26
With few exceptions, the thermal performance of fenestration products is always indicated by ______. SHGC U-factor R-value Emissivity
U-factor
27
Some of the improvements applied to the glass for better thermal performance include : (4) tints tight-fitting gaskets and adequate weatherstripping low-tolerance, locking hardware low-E coatings sashes with adequate weather-stripping Warm edge spacers Inert (argon, krypton) gas fill in panels
tints low-E coatings Warm edge spacers Inert (argon, krypton) gas fill in panels
28
_________occurs when the interior surface temperature of the aluminum drops below the interior dew point or frost point. A leak frost sweat condensation
Condensation is the correct answer, but | the same is true for both frost and sweat
29
Condensation moisture or “sweat” that accumulates on the interior surfaces of aluminum windows is in part due to the high ________ through aluminum products. ``` convection induction conduction air infiltration radiation ```
conduction
30
The combination of having no thermal barrier with clear insulating glass results typical of the 1970s and early 1980s had a U-factor _____. over 0.85 over 0.60 around 0.45 around 0.30
over 0.60
31
In the 1990s, a thermal barrier paired with low-E glazing would yield a U-factor ____. Using a larger or dual thermal barrier with a Low-E glazing on surface #2, warm-edge spacer and argon gas produces a U-factor of ____. over 0.85 / over 0.60 over 0.60 / about 0.35 around 0.45 / about 0.35 near 0.35 / under 0.2
around 0.45 / about 0.35
32
A dual thermal barrier with a Low-E glazing on surface #2, warm-edge spacer and argon gas, PLUS, a hard coat low-E coating to the #4 surface will result in a U-factor of ____ Under 0.60 around 0.45 near 0.35 under 0.20
near 0.35
33
Examples of frame features that provide fundamental improvements in minimizing energy loss include: Aluminum non-thermal profiles Profiles with poured and de-bridged thermal barriers Profiles with polyamide strip thermal barriers Profiles with integral minimal panel bite
Profiles with poured and de-bridged thermal barriers | Profiles with polyamide strip thermal barriers
34
______ measures how well the glazing infill blocks heat from the sun’s energy. it is the fraction of the heat generated by the sun’s energy that enters through the glazing and is expressed as a dimensionless number from __ to ___. A high value signifies higher heat gain, while a low value means lower heat gain and therefore better efficiency. ``` SHGC / 0.0 TO 1.0 SHGC / 1.0 to 10 VT / 0.0 TO 1.0 VT / 1.0 TO 10 WTF / 1 TO 100 ```
SHGC / 0.0 TO 1.0 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient
35
Which window is more energy efficient? A window with a SHGC of 0.5 A window with a SHGC of 0.7 An open window.
A window with a SHGC of 0.5
36
____is an optical property that indicates the amount of visible light transmitted through the glazing. It ranges from ____ for highly reflective coatings on tinted glass to above _____ for clear glass. ``` SHGC / 10% TO >90% SHGC / 1.0 to <10 VT / 10% TO >90% VT / 1.0 TO <10 WTF / 1 TO >100 ```
VT / 10% TO 100% Visible Transmittance
37
Three things happen to solar radiation as it passes through a glazing material; portions of the energy are: A. transmitted through the glazing to the interior. B. reflected back to the exterior C. captured by polyamide thermal barrier D. absorbed into the frame and the glazing E. converted into rainbows
A. transmitted through the glazing to the interior. B. reflected back to the exterior, D. absorbed into the frame and the glazin
38
New technology makes it possible to manipulate the proportion of transmittance, reflectance and absorption for different_______> A. Seasons B. Windows C. Orientations D. Wavelengths
D. Wavelengths
39
Visible light transmittance is influenced by what thee criteria for window glazing production: ``` A. Glazing Type B. Number of Glazing layers C. Type of spacer D. Coatings applied E. U-factor ```
A. Glazing Type B. Number of Glazing layers D. Coatings applied
40
Quiz Q1: Since ventilation, lighting, heating and cooling are affected to some degree by fenestration, then ____ of a commercial building's energy consumption can be affected by the fenestration and exterior envelope design. over 50% 36% 23% 13%
over 50%
41
Quiz Q2: Building are said to consume ___ of the nations energy and __ of all electricity: 20% / 30% 30% / 40% 40% / 50% 50% / 60%
40% / 50% Study guide sand 40% - 70%
42
Quiz Q3: The function of argon gas in an IG unit is to: reduce convective currents within the space between lites of glass reduce conductive losses, especially at the glass edges cut down on radiative losses through the glass prevent the IG edge sealants from deteriorating
reduce convective currents within the space between lites of glas
43
Quiz Q4: To obtain the total heat loss through a window in BTU per hour, the U-factor must be multiplied by : window area in s.f. window area in s.f. and degrees of temperature difference been the indoors and outdoors degrees of temperature difference between inside and outside the Climate Zone in which the window is installed.
window area in s.f. and degrees of temperature difference been the indoors and outdoors