Group 6i - Energy and the Architectural Fenestration Industry, Part 1: Minimizing Energy Loss

Question 1

Four component categories focused on making buildings effective integrators for the use and production of energy, toward the goal of Net Zero Energy Buildings include:

Building Technologies
Solar
Transportation
Locally sourced materials
Recycling
Distributed Energy

Answer 1

Building Technologies
Solar
Transportation
Distributed Energy

Question 2

Distributed Energy refers to:

Adding petroleum fuel distribution
Electrical circuitry and wiring
Combined heat and power technologies

Answer 2

Combined heat and power technologie

Question 3

Solar in the context of net zero energy buildings refers to:

Photovoltaics only
Solar hot water only
Photovoltaics and solar hot water
Photovoltaics and hydrogen fuel cells

Answer 3

Photovoltaics and solar hot water

Question 4

The transportation component of net zero energy refers to

fuel cells
hydrogen infrastructure
plug-in hybrids
all of the above

Answer 4

all of the above

Question 5

Regarding net-zero energy buildings - the term ‘building technologies’ refers to:

efficiency technologies
Media and information technology wiring and hardware
materials’ embodied energy
building integration

Answer 5

efficiency technologies
and
building integration

(embodied energy is an important sustainability factor but not a part of net-zero energy buildings)

Question 6

Over __ percent of a commercial building’s energy consumption can be affected by the fenestration and exterior envelope design in one way or another.

15
35
50
70

Answer 6

50%

Question 7

Which of the following represent ways that fenestration can effect changes to a commercial building’s energy consumption:

A. Low U-factors - less heating/cooling loss
B. glass selection - lower cooling loads
C. recycled aluminum - less energy in production
D. natural light - reduce the lighting load
E. unitized curtain walls - less air loss
F. operable windows - allow natural ventilation (vs HVAC).

Answer 7

A. Low U-factors - less heating/cooling loss
B. glass selection - lower cooling loads
D. natural light - reduce the lighting load
F. operable windows - allow natural ventilation (vs HVAC).

Question 8

Today, buildings consume __percent of our nation’s energy and __ percent of all electricity.

50 / 80
30/ 20
40 / 70
60 / 40

Answer 8

40 / 70

Question 9

Previously, DOE’s target was to reduce
energy usage in buildings by __ percent for new
buildings and __ percent for existing buildings by 2010.

50 / 80
30/ 20
40 / 70
60 / 40

Answer 9

30/ 20

Question 10

The Building Technologies Program has set strategic
goals to reduce energy by __%, compared to a 2010
baseline.

50
30
40
60

Answer 10

50%

Question 11

A ______ building is a residential or commercial building with greatly reduced needs for energy through efficiency gains (meaning 60 to 70 percent less than conventional practice).

LEED platinum certified
net zero energy
energy star certified
Passive haus

Answer 11

net zero energy

Question 12

A ‘quad’ of energy is equivalent to ____ million barrels of oil.

100
400
862
238

Answer 12

862

Question 13

Energy loss in the fenestration industry is about:
air infiltration
embodied energy
heat gain
heat loss
visible light transfer

Answer 13

air infiltration
heat gain
heat loss

Question 14

Fenestration products are affected by three forms of
heat transfer:

convection
induction
conduction
convolution
radiation

Answer 14

convection, conduction and radiation.

Question 15

While not a method of heat transfer, __________

generally decreases the overall performance of fenestration products by accelerating thermal heat transfer.

Answer 15

air infiltration

Question 16

___________ in fenestration is caused by warmer, low density gases rising above cooler more dense air within the air cavities.

convection
induction
conduction
convolution
radiation

Answer 16

Convection

Question 17

_________reduces the convective air currents within the air space of the insulating glass unit.

Single-panel glazing
Aerogel wall panels
Optimally spacing air cavities 
Inert (argon, krypton) gas fill in panels
Thermally-broken frames

Answer 17

Optimally spacing air cavities

filling the insulating glass units with argon or krypton gases

Question 18

____________is the spontaneous transfer of thermal energy through matter from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature and hence acts to even out temperature differences.

convection
induction
conduction
convolution
radiation

Answer 18

conduction

Question 19

Heat loss via conduction is reduced by:

Single-panel glazing
Optimally spacing air cavities 
Warm edge spacers
Glazing coatings
Inert (argon, krypton) gas fill in panels
Thermally-broken frames

Answer 19

Thermally-broken frames

Warm edge spacers

Question 20

__________ can affect fenestration products by both
inward and outward acting energy sources - solar energy enters from the outside as light _______
while Indoor heat is lost as infrared
________.

convection
induction
conduction
air infiltration
radiation

Answer 20

radiation

Question 21

Heat loss and gain also occur by means of ________ through cracks within the fenestration product. Impacts can vary depending on wind-driven and temperature-driven pressure changes acting upon the product.

convection
induction
conduction
air infiltration
radiation

Answer 21

air infiltration

Question 22

Air infiltration can be addressed by:
tight-fitting gaskets and adequate weatherstripping 
thermally broken frames
low-tolerance, locking hardware
low-E glazing
sashes with adequate weather-stripping
Warm edge spacers
Inert (argon, krypton) gas fill in panels

Answer 22

tight-fitting gaskets and adequate weatherstripping

low-tolerance, locking hardware

sashes with adequate weather-stripping

Question 23

The ________ of an assembly is defined as the total heat transfer coefficient of the fenestration system, in Watts per square meter per degree Celsius, or BTUs per hour per square foot per degree Fahrenheit

SHGC
U-factor
R-value
Emissivity

Answer 23

u-factor

Question 24

U-factor represents the heat flow per hour, in
Watts through each square meter or BTUs per hour
through each square foot of fenestration product for a
____ degree difference between the indoor and outdoor air temperature.

ten
two
one
fifteen

Answer 24

one

Question 25

U-factor is the ______ of R-value (resistance to heat
transfer).

opposite
casual form
reciprocal
equivalent
mortal enemy

Answer 25

reciprocal

Question 26

With few exceptions, the thermal performance of
fenestration products is always indicated by ______.

SHGC
U-factor
R-value
Emissivity

Answer 26

U-factor

Question 27

Some of the improvements applied to the glass for better thermal performance include :
(4)

tints
tight-fitting gaskets and adequate weatherstripping
low-tolerance, locking hardware
low-E coatings
sashes with adequate weather-stripping
Warm edge spacers
Inert (argon, krypton) gas fill in panels

Answer 27

tints
low-E coatings
Warm edge spacers
Inert (argon, krypton) gas fill in panels

Question 28

_________occurs when the interior surface temperature of the aluminum drops below the interior
dew point or frost point.

A leak
frost
sweat
condensation

Answer 28

Condensation is the correct answer, but

the same is true for both frost and sweat

Question 29

Condensation moisture or “sweat” that accumulates on the interior surfaces of aluminum windows is in part due to the high ________ through aluminum products.

convection
induction
conduction
air infiltration
radiation

Answer 29

conduction

Question 30

The combination of having no thermal barrier with clear insulating glass results typical of the 1970s and early 1980s had a U-factor _____.

over 0.85
over 0.60
around 0.45
around 0.30

Answer 30

over 0.60

Question 31

In the 1990s, a thermal barrier paired with
low-E glazing would yield a U-factor ____. Using a larger or dual thermal barrier with a Low-E glazing on surface #2, warm-edge spacer and argon gas
produces a U-factor of ____.

over 0.85 / over 0.60
over 0.60 / about 0.35
around 0.45 / about 0.35
near 0.35 / under 0.2

Answer 31

around 0.45 / about 0.35

Question 32

A dual thermal barrier with a Low-E glazing on surface #2, warm-edge spacer and argon gas, PLUS, a hard coat low-E coating to the #4 surface will result in a U-factor of ____

Under 0.60
around 0.45
near 0.35
under 0.20

Answer 32

near 0.35

Question 33

Examples of frame features that provide fundamental improvements in minimizing energy loss include:

Aluminum non-thermal profiles
Profiles with poured and de-bridged thermal barriers
Profiles with polyamide strip thermal barriers
Profiles with integral minimal panel bite

Answer 33

Profiles with poured and de-bridged thermal barriers

Profiles with polyamide strip thermal barriers

Question 34

______ measures how well the glazing infill blocks heat from the sun’s energy. it is the fraction of the heat generated by the sun’s energy that enters through the glazing and is expressed as a dimensionless number from __ to ___. A high value signifies higher heat gain, while a low value means lower heat gain and therefore better efficiency.

SHGC / 0.0 TO 1.0
SHGC / 1.0 to 10
VT / 0.0 TO 1.0
VT / 1.0 TO 10 
WTF / 1 TO 100

Answer 34

SHGC / 0.0 TO 1.0

Solar Heat Gain Coefficient

Question 35

Which window is more energy efficient?

A window with a SHGC of 0.5
A window with a SHGC of 0.7
An open window.

Answer 35

A window with a SHGC of 0.5

Question 36

____is an optical property that indicates the amount of visible light transmitted through the glazing. It ranges from ____ for highly reflective coatings on tinted glass to above _____ for clear glass.

SHGC / 10%  TO >90%
SHGC / 1.0 to <10
VT / 10%  TO >90%
VT / 1.0 TO <10 
WTF / 1 TO >100

Answer 36

VT / 10% TO 100%

Visible Transmittance

Question 37

Three things happen to solar radiation as it passes
through a glazing material; portions of the energy are:

A. transmitted through the glazing to the interior.
B. reflected back to the exterior
C. captured by polyamide thermal barrier
D. absorbed into the frame and the glazing
E. converted into rainbows

Answer 37

A. transmitted through the glazing to the interior.
B. reflected back to the exterior,
D. absorbed into the frame and the glazin

Question 38

New technology makes it possible to manipulate the
proportion of transmittance, reflectance and absorption for different_______>

A. Seasons
B. Windows
C. Orientations
D. Wavelengths

Answer 38

D. Wavelengths

Question 39

Visible light transmittance is influenced by what thee criteria for window glazing production:

A.  Glazing Type
B.  Number of Glazing layers
C.  Type of spacer
D.  Coatings applied
E.  U-factor

Answer 39

A. Glazing Type
B. Number of Glazing layers
D. Coatings applied

Question 40

Quiz Q1:

Since ventilation, lighting, heating and cooling are affected to some degree by fenestration, then ____ of a commercial building’s energy consumption can be affected by the fenestration and exterior envelope design.

over 50%
36%
23%
13%

Answer 40

over 50%

Question 41

Quiz Q2:

Building are said to consume ___ of the nations energy and __ of all electricity:

20% / 30%
30% / 40%
40% / 50%
50% / 60%

Answer 41

40% / 50%

Study guide sand 40% - 70%

Question 42

Quiz Q3:
The function of argon gas in an IG unit is to:

reduce convective currents within the space between lites of glass
reduce conductive losses, especially at the glass edges
cut down on radiative losses through the glass
prevent the IG edge sealants from deteriorating

Answer 42

reduce convective currents within the space between lites of glas

Question 43

Quiz Q4:

To obtain the total heat loss through a window in BTU per hour, the U-factor must be multiplied by :

window area in s.f.
window area in s.f. and degrees of temperature difference been the indoors and outdoors
degrees of temperature difference between inside and outside
the Climate Zone in which the window is installed.

Answer 43

window area in s.f. and degrees of temperature difference been the indoors and outdoors