Group 6.C - Aluminum Storefronts and Entrances, Part III: Fundamental Design Factors and Specification Development

Question 1

The frame of a storefront installation must be designed to: 
support it's own weight 
support the structure of the building
support the weight of glazing
withstand live loads
all of the above

Answer 1

support it’s own weight
support the weight of glazing
withstand live loads

Question 2

The primary live load(s) imposed on storefront installations is:

Occupants / floor loads
Wind loads
Seismic loads
Mechanical system pressure
all of the above

Answer 2

Wind loads

Question 3

Structural design and calculation in storefront assemblies is critical to:

maintain the narrow sightlines and use of narrow profiles
support the building
maximize glass for better merchandising
maintain energy efficiency

Answer 3

maintain the narrow sightlines and use of narrow profiles

maximize glass for better merchandising

Question 4

The distance by which the frame overlaps the glass edge to hold the glass in place is called:

pocket
pressure bar
bite
glazing bead.

Answer 4

bite

Question 5

The minimum distance by which the frame overlaps the glass edge (called _____) is at least ___ inch for single glazing or ___ inch for insulating glass units.

Answer 5

bite
5/16”
1/2”

Question 6

Failure to provide adequate clearance and proper bite can result in:
lower u factor
costly glass failure 
higher wind loads
hazardous glass blowout.

Answer 6

costly glass failure

hazardous glass blowout.

Question 7

_____ are used to provide Appropriate clearance
between the edge of the glass and the metal frame.

Rubber seals
Glazing bead
Setting blocks
Type II sealant

Answer 7

Setting blocks

Question 8

Setting blocks used to support glazing panels should have a Short ‘A’ durometer of:

65 +/- 5
95 +/- 5
85 +/- 5
75 +/- 10

Answer 8

85 +/- 5

Question 9

In general, two setting blocks should be placed
under the lower edge of each panel of fixed glass.
They should be chosen to limit the load from the
glass to ___ psi, but in no case should they be less
than ____ inches in length.

60 / 4
80 / 2
100 / 2
40 / 4

Answer 9

60 psi,

no less than 4 inches in length.

Question 10

Setting blocks should be positioned no closer to the vertical edges of the glass than ___inches or _____ of the glass width, whichever is greater.

6 / 1/4
4 / 1/8
4 / 1/4
6 / 1/8

Answer 10

6 / 1/8

Question 11

A minimum of ___ (qty) ___ inch (minimum) edge blocks should also be located at both jambs of the glass to prevent the glass from “walking” in the opening after installation.

1 / 5
3 / 3
2 / 4
2 / 2

Answer 11

2 / 4

Question 12

Edge blocks should be located at both jams, at the _____ of the glass panels.

top and bottom edges
quarter points
approximate center
top edges

Answer 12

top and bottom edges

Question 13

The standard reference for determining the strength
of various aluminum profiles is data from:

AAMA SFM-1-14
NAFS
The Aluminum Association
AAMA 300

Answer 13

The Aluminum Association

Question 14

The analytical procedures used in the engineering
design of aluminum framing members apply to:

the design of glass or opaque infill panels
simply-supported beams under uniform lateral (wind) loading
the design of glass or opaque infill panels
determination of and prevention of air infiltration and water penetration
determination of impact resistance
all of the above

Answer 14

The analytical procedures used in the engineering
design of aluminum framing members apply to
unwelded, single-span, simply-supported beams
subjected to bending under uniform lateral loading,
from forces such as wind.

They do not apply to the design of glass or opaque
nfill panels. Neither are they applicable to such
other considerations as air infiltration, water
penetration or impact resistance.

Question 15

The analytical procedures used in the engineering
design of aluminum framing members apply to:

*the design of glass or opaque infill panels
simply-supported beams under uniform lateral (wind) loading
*the design of glass or opaque infill panels
*determination of and prevention of air infiltration and water penetration pressure ratings.
*determination of impact resistance
*all of the above

Answer 15

The analytical procedures used in the engineering
design of aluminum framing members apply to
un-welded, single-span, simply-supported beams
subjected to bending under uniform lateral loading,
from forces such as wind.

They do not apply to the design of glass or opaque
infill panels. Neither are they applicable to such
other considerations as air infiltration, water
penetration or impact resistance.

Question 16

The analytical procedures used in the engineering
design of aluminum framing members set forth calculation methods for the fundamental factors of:
• Load distribution and magnitude
• Section properties
• Strength
• Connections
• Deflection

You don’t need to know this.

Answer 16

Just sayin.

Question 17

If allowances are not made for thermal expansion in a storefront system design or the framing is installed in a manner that restrains the framing from expanding, the sections will be subjected to ____.

lateral loading
thermal expansion
axial compression
wind loads

Answer 17

axial compression

Question 18

The load used in the calculations is assumed to act
against the exterior face of the storefront and
perpendicular to it. For the sake of structural analysis of a given framing member, this load is considered to be distributed in a _______ or ______ pattern.

square or rectangular
arcing or circular
triangular or trapezoidal
argyle

Answer 18

triangular or trapezoidal

pattern.

Question 19

If a member supports two or more areas
of glass and/or panels, the individual triangular or trapezoidal areas within the load distribution
diagram must be either_____ or _____ in order to obtain the total load on the member. (Choose two)

Added together before multiplying by the
applicable wind load

Multiplied by each other before adding to the applicable wind load.

Multiplied by the wind load and the
resulting products then added together

Answer 19

Added together before multiplying by the 
applicable wind load 
or
Multiplied by the wind load and the 
resulting products then added together

Question 20

The performance of a member having a given cross-section configuration or profile made of a given
aluminum alloy, and under a given set of loading
conditions, depends principally on two physical
properties: (Select two)

The Moment of Inertia, denoted by the letter I
The Cross-sectional Area of the member denoted by the letter a
The Mass per linear foot of the member profile, denoted by the letter M
Section Modulus, denoted by the letter S

Answer 20

The Moment of Inertia, denoted by the letter I

Section Modulus, denoted by the letter S

Question 21

In engineering, the term “moment” indicates a
turning force or torque acting at a distance that
tends to either cause or resist rotation of an object
about a point or an axis. Mathematically, moments and torques are defined as a _____ multiplied by a
_____.

force / duration
force / distance
area / force
area/ duration

Answer 21

force / distance

Question 22

As a simple example, for a uniform rod of length (L)
in meters and mass (m) in kilograms, with negligible
thickness, the moment of inertia about its center of
mass is given by this equation.

Answer 22

Intertia (center of mass)

Icm=(1/12m)L^2

1/12 of mass (kg) * Length sqared

Question 23

The section modulus (S) is a geometric property for
a given cross-section _ a direct measure of the _____in a framing member when it is subjected to given loading conditions.

flex
compression
tension
stress

Answer 23

stress

Question 24

Section properties for many sizes of symmetrical
geometric shapes such as solid rectangles, square
bars, round rods, square tubes, etc. are given in technical data from:

AAMA SFM-1-14
NAFS
The Aluminum Association
AAMA 300

Answer 24

The Aluminum Association

This is just a way of getting this rote stuff in front of you again.

Question 25

For a given cross-section, the moment of inertia tells us what kind of ______ to expect, and the section modulus tells us what kind of ______ to expect. bending / load stiffness / strength stiffness / bending bending / strength

Answer 25

stiffness / strength

Question 26

The modulus of elasticity for a specific material is a measure of its stiffness. More precisely, it is the ratio of the applied force, or stress, to the resulting ____, or ______. It is denoted by the letter E. (try to remember)

Answer 26

strain, or deformation

Question 27

``` Which of the following is not among the aluminum alloys and tempers almost universally used in storefront applications? 6063-T5, 6063-T52 6063-T38 6063-T6 ```

Answer 27

6063-T38

Question 28

the modulus of elasticity for the aluminum alloys and tempers almost universally used in storefront applications is ____ kpsi 15,000 7,000 25,000 10,000

Answer 28

10,000

Question 29

By way of comparison, the Moment of Inertia (I) indicates the ______ stiffness of the member - that is, how the material is arranged – whereas the Modulus of Elasticity (E), which indicates the _______ of the member, is based on the material of which it is made. optimal / yield strength geometric / stiffness minimal / bending point

Answer 29

geometric / stiffness

Question 30

By way of comparison, the Moment of Inertia (I) indicates the ______ stiffness of the member - that is, how the material is arranged – whereas the Modulus of Elasticity (E), which indicates the _______ of the member, is based on the material of which it is made. optimal / yield strength geometric / stiffness minimal / bending point

Answer 30

geometric / stiffness

Question 31

The _______is the line in a beam or other member subjected to a bending action in which the material immediately on either side of the axis is neither stretched nor compressed and where the longitudinal stress is zero. Modulus of Elasticity Moment of Intertia Section Axis Neutral Axis

Answer 31

Neutral Axis

Question 32

In engineering mechanics, bending – also known as ______ – characterizes the behavior of a slender structural element subjected to an external load applied ________ to the element’s longitudinal axis. tension / perpendicularly flexure / perpendicularly tension / parallel flexure / parallel

Answer 32

flexure / perpendicularly

Question 33

See examples in the module notes. Group 6 - pp 48

Answer 33

OK

Question 34

Once the proper bending moment is determined for a given case, the maximum stress on the longitudinal “fibers” of the beam that are _______ from the neutral axis can be calculated. Recall that these extreme fibers are normally the ________ surface if the neutral axis runs through the beam’s center. ``` on / farthest from the farthest / outermost closest / innermost outboard of / above farthest / outermost ```

Answer 34

farthest / outermost

Question 35

In computing allowable stresses, the values provided in these specifications may be increased by _____ when stresses are produced by wind or seismic loading, acting alone or in combination with the design dead and live loads. 25% 1/3 2/3 50%

Answer 35

1/3

Question 36

The end connections holding the storefront assembly together and the anchoring components must be capable of standing up to the imposed loads. This means that the ____ and ______ strength must be calculated and analyzed. tensile / compressive flexure / yield shear / bearing parallel / perpendicular

Answer 36

shear / bearing

Question 37

The total strength in shear, or resistance to a ______ load as provided by the fasteners, must equal or exceed the shear load at that connection. lateral "pulling" axial compression "sliding"

Answer 37

"sliding"

Question 38

_________ provides a measure of the load-carrying capacity of a material. Modulus of elasticity Bearing strength Tensile strength Moment of intertia

Answer 38

Bearing strength

Question 39

_________ provides a measure of the load-carrying capacity of a material. Modulus of elasticity Bearing strength Tensile strength Shear strength

Answer 39

Bearing strength

Question 40

________ is roughly defined as the maximum bearing load that can be placed on a material before it will fail, divided by the area that is bearing the weight. Modulus of elasticity Bearing strength Tensile strength Shear strength

Answer 40

Bearing strength

Question 41

The total maximum deflection perpendicular to the plane of the wall may not exceed _____ of the overall length of the member. 1/150 1/175 1/200 1/360

Answer 41

1/175

Question 42

The total maximum deflection (of a storefront frame member) perpendicular to the plane of the wall may not exceed _____ of the overall length of the member. 1/150 1/175 1/200 1/360

Answer 42

1/175

Question 43

When a plastered surface subjected to bending is affected, the deflection cannot exceed _____ of the span. 1/150 1/175 1/200 1/360

Answer 43

1/360

Question 44

The maximum deflection of any horizontal storefront frame member in a direction parallel to the plane of the wall, when carrying its full dead load, should not reduce the glass bite below ___ percent of the design dimension. 66 75 80 90

Answer 44

75

Question 45

A deflected frame member must retain at least a __ inch minimum clearance between itself and the top of a fixed panel or glass immediately below; clearances between the member and an operable window or door must remain at least ___ inch. 1/8 - 1/4 1/16 - 3/8 1/4 - 3/8 1/8 - 1/16

Answer 45

1/8 - 1/16

Question 46

Specifications: When developing a complete specification for a storefront and entrance system, the architect or designer must specify a number of parameters. These include, for example: (6 given) 1 for structure 2 for environment/energy 2 for production/engineering 1 for loose ends

Answer 46

Loads - Design-load types and magnitudes Temperatures, min and max for the frame surface. U-factor and Condensation Resistance Factor (CRF) Finishes per AAMA 611 or AAMA 2605 Metals, for frames and fasteners Hardware list, detailed inventory w/ dimension and operating specs.

Question 47

Specifications: _______ provides a guide specification to aid the architect or designer in the preparation of storefront and entrance specifications to cover these and other variables. AAMA SFM-1-14 The Aluminum Association NAFS AAMA 300

Answer 47

AAMA SFM-1-14 The AAMA Storefront Manual

Question 48

Specifications: The guide specification is presented in the three-part format recommended by the Construction Specifications Institute. These are: (Hint GPE)

Answer 48

Part 1 – General Part 2 - Product Part 3 - Execution

Question 49

Specifications: Part 1 of the system specification should include all but two of the below: ``` Description of product, work included performance and testing requirements references fasteners submittals sealants and fabrication. delivery and warranty ```

Answer 49

fasteners | sealants and fabrication.

Question 50

Specifications: Part 2 of the system specification should include all but two of the below: ``` Metals, fasteners, protective coatings finishes framing systems entrance doors performance and testing requirements panels, glass and plastic glazing materials sealants fabrication inspection ```

Answer 50

performance and testing requirements | inspection

Question 51

Specifications: Part 2 of the system specification should include all but two of the below: ``` Execution Lines and grades inspection installation erection tolerances, anchorage, welding panels, glass and plastic glazing materials sealing, field glazing protection and cleaning delivery and warranty ```

Answer 51

panels, glass and plastic glazing materials | delivery and warranty

Question 52

One option to simplify specification is to Using the AAMA guide-specification without alteration. select a complete, ready-to-install entrance unit from a specific manufacturer in which the door, frame and components are designed as a package to work together developing a custom design to achieve a unique architectural appearance.

Answer 52

obviously select a complete, ready-to-install entrance unit from a specific manufacturer in which the door, frame and components are designed as a package to work together

Question 53

Most ready-to-install standardized entrance systems observe the following dimensions: • Frame thickness of ___ inch • Door widths of __ inches (for pairs only), 36 inches or 42 inches • Door heights of __ inches 1 3/4 / 30 / 84 1 3/4 / 32 / 96 2 / 32 / 96 2 / 32 / 84

Answer 53

1 3/4 30 / 84

Question 54

Package entrances offer several important advantages, including all but one of the following: Integrated design of the complete entrance unit ensures that materials are wholly compatible, proper reinforcement and clearances are provided and appropriate hardware is used. Increased strength due to superior materials and component profiles used in pre-packaged system, higher capacity fasteners and more expertise in assembly. Single and complete responsibility on the part of the door manufacturer, who supplies all of the parts, for satisfactory performance. On-schedule delivery is more likely because entrance packages are typically available from stock and can be shipped promptly. Cost savings are possible due to the economy of scale in production runs, and savings in shipping costs may result from the use of compact, pre-engineered containers with a minimum of weight and bulk.

Answer 54

Increased strength due to superior materials and component profiles used in pre-packaged system, higher capacity fasteners and more expertise in assembly.

Question 55

``` It is important to reiterate that no entrance, however perfect its design and manufacture, will function properly unless it is correctly installed. Key installation and substrate considerations include: ``` ``` Frame plumb and square Frame firmly secured to solid supports Adequate provision for thermal movement Minimal framing member cross section Stable threshold foundation All welded connections Flat surface for revolving doors Precise installation of floor closers. ```

Answer 55

Minimal framing member cross section All welded connections Yes, this was just a ruse to get you to read all of those. Worked though, didn't it?

Question 56

The floor surface under revolving doors must be level within __ of an inch over the entire circular area covered by the doors, 3/8 1/4 1/8 1/16

Answer 56

1/16

Question 57

Quiz Question 1: What is the major live load that a storefront must be designed to withstand? wind glazing storefront framing building framing

Answer 57

wind

Question 58

Quiz Question 2: IGU glazing bite must be at least: 1/4" 1/2" 3/4" 25mm

Answer 58

1/2"

Question 59

Quiz Question 3: What physical property / properties determine the strength and stiffness of the framing member? moment of inertia section modulus moment of inertia and section modulus modulus of elasticity

Answer 59

moment of inertia and section modulus

Question 60

Quiz Question 5: Packaged entrance systems: are more acceptable to code and building departments if they are certified to NAFS require more field labor to install than custom designs are more thermally efficient than custom designs and are lighter in weight provide single responsibility, typically faster delivery and potential cost savings.

Answer 60

provide single responsibility, typically faster delivery and potential cost savings.