Group 5.8, Field Testing Part II: Forensic Evaluation Flashcards
The purpose of diagnostic testing per AAMA 511 is to recreate water leaks _____.
that may happen in the future
that are known to occur
in newly installed products
all of the above
that are known to occur
AAMA 511 is a complimentary document to ASTM _____ allowing for the adaptation of testing
procedures, such as AAMA 502.
E1105
E547
E331
E2128
E2128
AAMA 511, is ____ AAMA 502 and AAMA 503 field testing procedures as the latter two are intended for evaluating __________fenestration products or to provide evidence of compliance with a project specification.
Like, newly installed
Unlike, Newly installed
Like, known leaks in
Unlike, known leaks i
Unlike, Newly installed
_____ should be the starting point for
most forensic investigations. (more than one may apply)
Pre-test inspection
litigation
fenestration testing
Data gathering
AAMA 511
Pre-test inspection
Data gathering
______help define the type of testing that
will most effectively recreate the water leaks that are
known to occur. (AAMA 511)
Project specifications
Product class and ratings
Pretest inspection and data gathering
Diagnostic testing
Pretest inspection and data gathering
Testing per AAMA 511 _____: (more than one may apply)
Follows testing per AAMA 502 or 503
starts with pretest inspection and data gathering
is a laboratory test only
is used in a water intrusion investigation
Follows testing per AAMA 502 or 503
starts with pretest inspection and data gathering
is used in a water intrusion investigation
The primary risk of improper forensic water tests is that they too often_____.
fail to recreate a leak
create new leaks, that have nothing to do with the reported leaks
get water on the floor
cost too much money.
Yes, they all might be true, but you know what is being asked.
AAMA 511
create new leaks, that have nothing to do with the reported leaks
AAMA 511 provides a 7-step prescriptive procedure for a proper forensic evaluation, divided into 4 pre-testing steps and 3 steps including and after testing.
What are these 7 steps?
REShI TAR
Review of project documents
Evaluation of design concept
Service History determination
Inspection
Testing - Investigative Testing
Analysis
Reporting
AAMA 511 , Step 1: A forensic evaluation should begin with a review of all project documents. Examples of these types of documents include:
(name five of the eight examples)
SASSI
CPW
- Specifications
- Architectural drawings
- Structural drawings
- Shop drawings
- Installation instructions
- Contracts
- Purchase orders
- Warranties
Step 2 of AAMA 511 process, after review of project document is to:
proceed with diagnostic testing
evaluate the system design concept
remove material around the window
sue somebody.
evaluate the design concept
AAMA 511 step 2 - evaluation of the system design begins with a review of the water-management concept followed by review of:
(5 items)
DRFSW
- D - critical Details
- R - Test reports
- F - Flashing
- S - Sealants
- W - Weep holes
The review of service history in Step 3 of the AAMA 511 process includes reviewing: (more than one)
Maintenance Records
Leak History
Litigation options
Knowledge of personnel involved
Maintenance Records
Leak History
Knowledge of personnel involved
AAMA 511 step 4, Inspection requires inspectors and investigators with knowledge of: (more than one)
basic physics
contract history
construction
wall design principles and practices
basic physics
construction
wall design principles and practices
The objective of AAMA 511, Step 4 - Inspection, is to develop______
a conclusive location for water entry
a determination of fault
a hypothesis for the source of the water
intrusion
an antagonistic relationship with other parties
a hypothesis for the source of the water
intrusion.
Step 5 of the AAMA 511 testing process requires consideration of these 5 key factors in establishing test pressures for forensic testing.
Ts (2) WET
- Testing standards - Field
- Testing standards - laboratory
- Weather data
- Experience
- Prior testing
Step 5. Testing a product above it’s AAMA-rated performance will most likely lead to leaks and could lead to_____
quick resolution of the investigation
false conclusions
wet floors
a conclusive location for water entry
false conclusions
Both test____ and _____ require judgement in the creation of the AAMA 511 testing plan.
Step 5.
duration and pressure
Simulation of weather events that produced the original water penetration requires examination of relevant weather data. This requires comparison of what three key data.
Step 5.
Leak dates
Precipitation amounts
Wind speeds
Per AAMA 511, what are the three steps for evaluating conditions producing previous water penetration.
(Step 5)
Determine the number and dates of leaks
Obtain weather data for the timeframe of the leaks
Match leak events with weather data.
Wind driven rain pressure during leak events is determined based on wind speed data that coincide with rain events greater than ____ inches.
- 1
- 01
- 25
- 5
0.01 (1/100)
Weather data used for AAMA 511 testing criteria should be from ____ sources.
Local
NOAA
Nationally recognized
Consumer
Nationally recognized
yes, and local too.
If calculated wind speed based on weather data is
greater than two-thirds of the rated water test pressure (WTP) for the product, it may be that the product was_____
incorrectly specified
damaged
incorrectly installed
inappropriate for the project
Incorrectly specified
or
Inappropriate for the project
Per AAMA 511, testing criteria must include at least ___ test(s) at 2/3 of the product’s rated water test pressure.
three
zero
one
two
one
AAMA 511 test pressures are based on_____
2/3 of the product’s water test pressure
pressure calculated from wind speeds during precipitation and leak events
pressure calculated from maximum wind speed recorded near the site
previous testing per AAMA 502 / 5023
pressure calculated from wind speeds during precipitation and leak events
Weather data is not an exact representation of what the site actually experienced. It is the ______ fulfilling the testing objective of recreating leaks.
useless in
too vague for
most valuable in
second choice, after product ratings, in
most valuable in
Pressure applied by winds during rain and water penetration events should be calculated based on ____.
ASTM E1105
ASCE 7
AAMA 502
NFS - 17
ASCE 7
ASCE 7 allows us to take the weather data obtained and apply factors that account for basic wind speed modified by what three aspects of the specimen installation?
height,
exposure
location within the façade.
What is the benefit of isolating the building facade and the fenestration sealant from the product itself during testing?
to simplify the test
to potentially rule out either the window or the surroundings as the leak source
to reduce the required test pressure
to potentially rule out either the window or the surroundings as the leak source
AAMA 511 allows the nozzle used for AAMA 501.2 testing to be used without differential air pressure as ____
a substitute for the pressure test
a tool to precisely locate a leak previously identified
a way to isolate the window from surroundings
a tool to precisely locate a leak previously identified
The testing agency _____ use the actual wind-driven rain pressure calculated per ASCE 7 as the AAMA 511 test pressure.
should never
should consider whether or not to
is required to
should consider whether or not to
Decisions to be made in determining the AAMA 511 testing criteria include:
(four)
MDPP
Method - how to apply the water,
Duration - how long to run the test
Pressure differential? Y or N
Pressure? dynamic or static?
Good practice procedures for forensic field water testing state that both testing locations and pressure differentials should:
Start high and work down slowly.
Start low and work upward gradually
Vary throughout the testing process
Start low and work upward quickly
Start low and work upward
Start at zero pressure and the bottom of the area in question, as applicable for the selected test methodology.
Tests should be concluded at the first moment a leak appears and if no leak is apparent initially. T or F
F.
Do not turn the water off at the first moment a
leak appears.
Do not end non-leaking tests until you are
confident the specimen is not contributing to
leakage.
When testing identifies that the source of a leak is due
to a defective fenestration product, the optional ____ can be used.
Full rated water test pressure
Sill dam test
Reverse pressure
Air infiltration
Sill dam test.
Though a smoke test tracing air-infiltration may point to a potential leak location.
This sill dam test ______used as the sole criteria to determine whether or not the fenestration product is defective.
can be
is often
is not to be
is best when
is not to be
Common obstacles to forensic water testing may include:
• No or limited leak history
• Leak reported as window leak when leak is
actually from another source
• Not enough water pressure
• Not able to achieve differential pressure
• Owner does not want to remove interior
finishes
• No or limited access to concealed wall areas
• Inclement weather
• Isolation failures
Which four are within the control of or may be addressed by the testing agency.
- Not enough water pressure
- Not able to achieve differential pressure
- Inclement weather
- Isolation failures
Yes, this was just a way of getting these items in front of you for review.
Brick cavity walls are best tested using ______
chambers.
Limited
Interior
Exterior
Extensive
Exterior
Brick cavity walls ____ tested under static pressure applied to the interior of the specimen.
are best
should not be
must always be
leak if they are
should not be
One of the biggest obstacles is multiple leaks. In
addition to multiple leaks, there can be multiple
sources for one leak location. Ensure that all possible sources have been identified, potentially by_____.
increasing test pressure
extending test duration
stopping tests after the first sign of water entry
using isolation
extending test duration
using isolation
This is not class content, but included to drive home the point.
_______ ideal for viewing the interior of
cavities without significant damages to wall finishes.
Sometimes the only way to see what is going on is to
open up a section of the wall.
thermal cameras are
optical borescopes are
drywall removal is
optical borescopes are
Thermal cameras can’t actually see into the wall.
The class material says that "infrared cameras can also be used for viewing into wall cavities without removing finishes." is this true?
Nope! IR cameras can only see the surface temperature change in the exposed material being viewed -NOT anything going on behind the finishes.
Step 6.
Once testing is complete, the forensic investigator has the responsibility to make every attempt to ________
repeat the tests to demonstrate the conclusion.
to ascertain the exact path of water intrusion.
remove materials to show the leak path.
provide a general sense of what might be leaking.
to ascertain the exact path of water intrusion.
If conclusions cannot be fully supported by sound scientific principles then ______.
test pressures should be increased
the leaks should be accepted
additional investigation is needed
the window should be removed and replaced
additional investigation is needed
Step 7. The final step of the process is the report. This report should include all of the below except:
- justification for deviations from the standard methodology
*the factual basis for the findings and conclusions are
expressed in the document
*unsubstantiated opinions or conclusions
*options for obtaining conclusive results (if not arrived at).
unsubstantiated opinions or conclusions
Step 7: The report must:
be less than 10 pages be a self-contained document omit background information include repair specifications not address further testing
be a self-contained document
Sometimes, repair specifications and details may be included but this is typically supplemental scope and may be prepared by others, not the testing agency.
7 Steps quiz:
Assign a number for steps 1-7 for each of the following.
_ Evaluation of Design Concept _ Investigative Testing _ Inspection _Determination of service history _Analysis _Review of project documents _Report
2 5 4 3 6 1 7
Quiz Question #2
While testing the windows in a new building to AAMA 503, water leakage was observed, but the source could not be determined. What should be done next?
reduce the test pressure until the leak stops
follow the procedures of AAMA 511
reduce the water flow rate until the leak stops
test another area of the building to confirm the leak
follow the procedures of AAMA 511
Quiz Question #4
In conducting a forensic water leakage investigation, ____ accounts for the exposure, height of the building above grade and basic wind speed.
AAMA 503
AAMA 511
ASCE 7
ASTM E1105
ASCE 7
Quiz Question #5
An AAMA 502 field test has indicated that a water leak is due to a defective window. The next step is to:
check for air infiltration
conduct a sill dam test
remove and return the window
test again with a blue dye tracer
conduct a sill dam test
